Tunable Underwater Acoustic Stealth Performance of Mechanically Reconfigurable Negative Stiffness Meta-structures
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摘要: 针对水下装备振动噪声控制与声隐身性能提升的迫切需求, 探索了利用力学可重构负刚度超材料实现水下功能结构声隐身性能主动调控的新途径。文中优化设计了2例具有力学重构前后能带结构变化差异的负刚度超材料基元, 系统分析了基元变形过程中演化的能带特性, 构建了均质和梯度板梁夹层负刚度超结构。基于结构-声耦合有限元方法, 分析了负刚度超结构在不同组合序构方式和压载工况下的水下辐射噪声频谱特性。结果表明, 利用负刚度超材料的力学可重构特性可实现超结构波动性能的灵活调控, 梯度序构方式可拓宽隔声频带。研究可为发展轻量化的水下声隐身和声伪装功能结构提供理论与设计参考。Abstract: To address the urgent need for vibration and noise control and the enhancement of acoustic stealth performance of underwater equipment, a new approach was explored to achieve active regulation of the acoustic stealth performance of underwater functional structures using mechanically reconfigurable negative stiffness metamaterials. In this paper, two negative stiffness metamaterial unit cells with variations in band structure before and after mechanical reconfiguration were optimally designed. The evolutionary band characteristics during the deformation process of the unit cells were systematically analyzed. Homogeneous and graded plate/beam sandwich meta-structures with negative stiffness were constructed. Based on the structural-acoustic coupled finite element method, the underwater radiation noise’s spectral characteristics of negative stiffness meta-structures under different combined configurations and preloading conditions were analyzed. The results show that the mechanical reconfigurability of negative stiffness metamaterials enables flexible tuning of wave propagation performance in meta-structures, while gradient sequences can broaden the sound insulation frequency band. This study provides theoretical and design references for developing lightweight underwater acoustic stealth and acoustic camouflage functional structures.
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图 1 单向负刚度基元几何构型
Figure 1. Geometric configuration of unidirectional negative stiffness elements
图 2 优化基元受压变形与应力云图
Figure 2. Deformation and stress contours of optimized metamaterial elements under compression
图 3 梯度A/B负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构几何示意图
Figure 3. Geometric schematic diagram of a gradient A/B NSM sandwich plate-beam metastructure
图 4 梯度A/B负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构声学分析模型
Figure 4. Acoustic analysis model of a gradient A/B NSM sandwich plate-beam metastructure
图 5 单向负刚度超材料构型A力学重构前后能带结构
Figure 5. Band structures of unidirectional NSM configuration A before and after mechanical reconfiguration
图 6 单向负刚度超材料构型B力学重构前后能带结构
Figure 6. Band structures of unidirectional NSM configuration B before and after mechanical reconfiguration
图 7 构型A波矢O方向第6阶能带振型
Figure 7. Vibration modes at O wave vector of the sixth band for configuration A
图 8 构型B波矢O方向第4阶能带振型
Figure 8. Vibration modes at O wave vector of the fourth band for configuration B
图 9 梯度A/B负刚度超材料板梁超结构辐射声压分布云图
Figure 9. Radiated pressure contours of gradient A/B negative stiffness metamaterial plate-beam meta-structures
图 10 梯度A/B负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构变形前后STL曲线
Figure 10. STL curves of gradient A/B gegative stiffness metamaterial sandwich plate-beam meta-structures before and after deformation
图 11 均质双A负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构变形前后STL曲线
Figure 11. STL curves of homogeneous double A negative stiffness metamaterial sandwich plate-beam meta-structures before and after deformation
图 12 均质双B负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构变形前后STL曲线
Figure 12. STL curves of homogeneous double B negative stiffness metamaterial sandwich plate-beam meta-structures before and after deformation
图 13 负刚度板梁超结构中曲梁压缩位移与总压力关系曲线
Figure 13. Relationship curves between compressive displacement of curved beams and total pressure in negative stiffness plate-beam meta-structures
图 14 不同变形程度下均质双B负刚度板梁超结构STL及功能基元能带结构
Figure 14. STL and band structures of functional units for homogeneous double-B negative stiffness plate-beam meta-structures under different deformation degrees
表 1 单向负刚度基元几何参数列表
Table 1. Geometric parameters of unidirectional negative stiffness elements
名称 符号 数值/mm 胞元y方向大小 a 20.00 胞元x方向大小 l 50.00 支撑梁长度 b 8.00 支撑梁宽度 w 5.00 下方连接梁 c 3.00 构型A曲梁高度 HA 1.07 构型B曲梁高度 HB 4.31 构型A曲梁厚度 tA 0.53 构型B曲梁厚度 tB 1.48 构型A横跨梁厚度 TA 5.00 构型B横跨梁厚度 TB 6.00 
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