Tunable Underwater Acoustic Stealth Capability of Mechanically Reconfigurable Negative Stiffness Meta-structures
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摘要: 针对水下装备振动噪声控制与声隐身性能提升的迫切需求, 探索了利用力学可重构负刚度超材料实现水下功能结构声隐身性能主动调控的新途径。本文优化设计了两例具有力学重构前后能带结构变化差异的负刚度超材料基元, 系统分析了基元变形过程中演化的能带特性, 构建了均质和梯度板梁夹层负刚度超结构。基于结构-声耦合有限元方法, 分析了负刚度超结构在不同组合序构方式和压载工况下的水下辐射噪声频谱特性。结果表明, 利用负刚度超材料的力学可重构特性可实现超结构波动性能的灵活调控, 梯度序构方式可拓宽隔声频带。研究可为发展轻量化的水下声隐身和声伪装功能结构提供理论与设计参考。Abstract: This study addresses the urgent need for vibration control and acoustic stealth in underwater equipment by exploring mechanically reconfigurable negative stiffness metamaterials (NSM) for tunable acoustic performance. In this paper, we optimally designed two NSM unit cells exhibiting distinct bandgaps upon mechanical deformation, systematically analyzed their bandgap characteristics during deformation, and constructed homogeneous/gradient sandwich panel negative stiffness meta-structure. Using vibro-acoustic coupling finite element method, their underwater sound radiation characteristics under different assembly sequences and loading conditions were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the mechanical reconfigurability of NSMs enables flexible tuning of wave propagation performance in meta-structures, while gradient sequences can broaden frequency ranges of high sound insulation. This study provides theoretical and design references for developing lightweight functional structures for underwater acoustic stealth and camouflage.
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图 1 单向负刚度基元几何构型
Figure 1. Geometric configuration of unidirectional negative stiffness element
图 2 优化所得超材料功能基元受压后的变形与应力云图
Figure 2. Deformation and stress contour plots of the optimized metamaterial functional element under compression
图 3 单向负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构几何示意图
Figure 3. Geometric schematic diagram of the unidimensional NSM sandwich panel meta-structure
图 4 单向负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构声学分析模型
Figure 4. Acoustic analysis model of the uni-dimensional NSM sandwich panel meta-structure
图 5 单向负刚度超材料构型A力学重构前后的能带结构
Figure 5. Mechanically reconfigurable band structure for unidirectional NSM configuration A
图 6 单向负刚度超材料构型B力学重构前后的能带结构
Figure 6. Mechanically Reconfigurable band structure for unidirectional NSM Configuration B
图 7 构型A波矢O方向第六阶能带振型
Figure 7. Vibration mode at O wave vector of the sixth band for Configuration A
图 8 构型B波矢O方向第四阶能带振型
Figure 8. Vibration mode at O wave vector of the fourth band for Configuration B
图 9 梯度A/B负刚度超材料板梁超结构辐射声压分布云图
Figure 9. Sound pressure distribution of the sandwich panel meta-structure with gradient Configurations A/B
图 10 梯度A/B负刚度超材料夹层板梁超结构变形前后声传递损失
Figure 10. STL of the sandwich meta-structure with gradient Configurations A/B
图 11 负刚度超材料A夹层板梁超结构变形前后声传递损失
Figure 11. STL of the sandwich meta-structure with single Configuration A
图 12 负刚度超材料B夹层板梁超结构变形前后声传递损失
Figure 12. STL of the sandwich meta-structure with single Configuration B
图 13 负刚度板梁超结构中曲梁压缩位移与总压力关系曲线
Figure 13. Relationship curve between deformation displacement of curved beam and total pressure in the NSM sandwich panel meta-structure
图 14 不同变形程度下负刚度板梁超结构的声传输损失及功能基元能带结构
Figure 14. STLs of the NSM sandwich panel meta-structure and band structures of the NSM functional elements under different deformation levels
表 1 单向负刚度基元几何参数列表
Table 1. Geometric parameters of unidirectional negative stiffness element
参数名称 符号 数值/mm 胞元y方向大小 a 20.00 胞元x方向大小 l 50.00 支撑梁长度 b 8.00 支撑梁宽度 w 5.00 下方连接梁 c 3.00 构型A曲梁高度 HA 1.07 构型B曲梁高度 HB 4.31 构型A曲梁厚度 tA 0.53 构型B曲梁厚度 tB 1.48 构型A横跨梁厚度 TA 5.00 构型B横跨梁厚度 TB 6.00 
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