Underwater Vibro-Acoustic Coupling Characteristics of a Simply Supported Plate Coupled with a Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation
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摘要: 动力舱段结构振动噪声是影响水下航行器声隐身性能的关键因素, 利用隔振技术减小或隔离振动传递是降低结构振动噪声的有效途径, 然而传统线性隔振技术难以实现低频减振降噪。为此, 文中提出在激励源与弹性结构之间利用准零刚度隔振方法，以降低设备振动的传递, 进而降低水下结构振动辐射噪声。以准零刚度隔振器耦合简支板为研究对象, 考虑模态互耦合效应的辐射声阻抗矩阵, 建立并求解振声耦合方程, 通过有限元仿真验证理论模型的准确性。研究结果表明: 相较于线性隔振系统, 准零刚度隔振系统显著降低了起始隔振频率, 提升了低频隔振效率; 准零刚度使系统共振频率远低于简支板高辐射效率的体积控制模态, 通过频域失配机制从源头上有效阻断了振动能量向辐射声能的转化, 在 10.6 Hz以上的全频段内将辐射声功率降低了15 dB。文中研究解决了水下结构低频减振降噪问题, 可为水下航行器动力舱段的声隐身设计提供理论参考。Abstract: Structural vibration noise from the power compartment critically impairs the acoustic stealth performance of undersea vehicles. Utilizing vibration isolation technology to attenuate or isolate vibration transmission is an effective approach to reduce structural vibration noise. However, traditional linear vibration isolation technology struggles to achieve low-frequency vibration and noise reduction. To address this challenge, this paper applied a quasi-zero stiffness isolation method between the excitation source and the elastic structure to reduce the transmission of equipment vibration, thereby mitigating the vibration and radiated noise of underwater structures. By taking a quasi-zero stiffness isolator coupled with a simply supported plate as the research object, the vibration-acoustic coupling equations were established and solved by considering the radiation acoustic impedance matrix with mutual coupling effects. Subsequently, the accuracy of the theoretical model was validated through finite element simulations. The results indicate that compared to the linear isolation system, the quasi-zero stiffness isolation system significantly reduces the initial isolation frequency and enhances low-frequency isolation efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of quasi-zero stiffness shifts the system’s resonance frequency far below the high-radiation-efficiency volumetric control modes of the simply supported plate. This frequency domain mismatch mechanism effectively blocks the conversion of vibration energy into radiated acoustic energy at the source, reducing the radiated sound power by 15 dB across the entire frequency band above 10.6 Hz. This study resolves the issue of low-frequency vibration and noise reduction in underwater structures, providing a theoretical reference for the acoustic stealth design of power compartments in undersea vehicles.
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图 1 耦合准零刚度隔振器的平板系统振声模型
Figure 1. Vibro-acoustic model of a plate system coupled with a quasi-zero stiffness isolator
图 2 准零刚度隔振器与负刚度机构示意图
Figure 2. Schematics of the quasi-zero stiffness isolator and the negative stiffness mechanism
图 3 准零刚度隔振器回复力与刚度曲线
Figure 3. Force-displacement and stiffness curves of the quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator
图 5 辐射声阻矩阵若干非对角元素
Figure 5. Several off-diagonal elements of the radiation acoustic impedance matrix
图 7 耦合系统均方振速收敛性分析
Figure 7. Analysis of the convergence of the mean-square vibration velocity in coupled system
图 8 水下耦合系统固有频率对比
Figure 8. Comparison of natural frequencies of the underwater coupled system
图 9 耦合系统在空气和水中的辐射声功率
Figure 9. Radiated acoustic powers of the coupled system in air and water
图 10 准零刚度系统水下位移与传递率
Figure 10. Underwater displacement and transmissibility of the quasi-zero stiffness system
图 11 准零刚度与线性刚度耦合系统传递率对比
Figure 11. The transmissibility of the quasi-zero stiffness coupled system and the linear stiffness coupling system
图 12 耦合系统水下声辐射特性
Figure 12. The underwater radiation characteristics of the coupled system
图 13 引入准零刚度隔振器前后简支板水下辐射声功率对比
Figure 13. Comparison of underwater radiated acoustic power of the simply supported plate before and after installing quasi-zero stiffness isolator
图 14 准零刚度与线性刚度隔振系统水下辐射声功率对比
Figure 14. Comparison of underwater radiated acoustic power between quasi-zero stiffness and linear stiffness isolation systems
图 15 不同隔振器刚度下水下系统声辐射特性
Figure 15. Acoustic radiation characteristics of underwater systems under different isolator stiffnesses
图 17 不同隔振器阻尼下水下系统辐射声功率
Figure 17. Radiated acoustic power of underwater systems under different isolator damping ratios
表 1 准零刚度隔振器结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of the quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator
参数名称 符号 数值 外磁环内半径/mm $ {R}_{\text{LI}} $ 25 外磁环外半径/mm $ {R}_{\text{LO}} $ 40 内磁环内半径/mm $ {R}_{\text{SI}} $ 10 内磁环外半径/mm $ {R}_{\text{SO}} $ 15 内磁环高度/mm L1 10 外磁环高度/mm L2 10 内磁环剩磁/T Bl_1 1.2 外磁环剩磁/T Bl-2 1.2 线性弹簧刚度/(N/mm) kv 10 
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表 2 刚度拟合多项式系数
Table 2. Coefficients of the stiffness fitting polynomial
名称 数值 名称 数值 $ {k}_{b1} $/(N/m) $ 2\;100 $ $ {k}_{b5} $/(N/m) $ {-2.215}\times {\text{10}}^{11} $ $ {k}_{b3} $/(N/m) $ \text{5.691}\times {\text{10}}^{7} $ $ {k}_{b7} $/(N/m) $ \text{4.462}\times {\text{10}}^{14} $
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表 3 耦合系统基本物理参数
Table 3. Basic physical parameters of the coupled system
参数 符号 值 杨氏模量/Gpa $ E $ 210 板阻尼比/Gpa $ {\xi }_{p} $ 0.05 泊松比/Gpa μ 0.33 长/m $ a $ $ 1$ 宽/m $b $ $ 0.8$ 高/m $ H $ $ 0.005 $ 板密度/(kg/m3) $ \rho $ 7850 空气密度/(kg/m3) $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{air}} $ 1.23 水密度/(kg/m3) $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{water}} $ 1000 空气声速/(m/s) $ {c}_{\mathrm{air}} $ 343 水声速/(m/s) $ {c}_{\mathrm{water}} $ 1500 隔振器坐标/m $ {x}_{0}, {y}_{0} $ $ 0.5, 0.4 $ 隔振器质量/kg $ {m}_{0} $ 1.72 隔振器刚度/(N/m) $ k\mathrm{_{QZS}} $ 2100 隔振器阻尼比 $ {\xi }_{0} $ 0.1
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表 4 系统前2阶共振频率
Table 4. First two natural frequencies of the system
$ {k}_{1}/(\text{N/m}) $ 子结构固有频率/Hz 耦合系统固有频率/Hz $ {f}_{r} $ $ f_{1}^{p} $ $ {f}_{1} $ $ {f}_{2} $ $ 1\times {10}^{3} $ 3.84 9.87 3.80 9.87 $ 1\times {10}^{4} $ 12.14 9.87 9.68 12.4 $ 1\times {10}^{5} $ 38.38 9.87 9.87 37.5
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