Applying Gradually-Varying Riblets for Drag Reduction in Conical Rotating Disk Flows
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摘要: 永磁一体化离心泵因结构设计需求, 叶轮前盖板采用锥形旋转圆盘, 但在运行过程中, 相较于平面圆盘, 锥形圆盘会使流阻增大、功耗升高。为揭示离心泵叶轮锥形前盖板区域的流动损失并探索减阻优化途径, 在封闭流场条件和优化动静间隙的基础上, 结合等尺寸肋条减阻原理提出了渐变肋条减阻结构。研究分析了渐变肋条减阻结构的减阻效应, 并与光滑平面圆盘和等尺寸肋条圆盘进行了对比分析。结果表明: 渐变肋条通过沿径向调整其几何尺寸, 能更有效地重构近壁区流动结构, 改变流线形态与速度分布, 从而优化壁面剪切力场, 实现对流动分离与湍流耗散的有效调控; 对于给定锥角旋转圆盘, 通过在锥面布置渐变形肋条可使其阻力扭矩低于光滑平面圆盘和等尺寸肋条圆盘, 其在额定转速下相对目前离心泵叶轮盖板常规采用的光滑平面圆盘扭矩系数下降9.9%, 相对于等尺寸肋条锥形圆盘扭矩系数下降2.31%。文中研究可为离心泵叶轮的低阻力设计与性能提升提供理论参考。Abstract: Due to structural design requirements, the front shroud of the impeller in the permanent magnet integrated centrifugal pump adopts a tapered rotating disk. However, during operation, compared to a flat disk, the tapered disk increases flow resistance and raises power consumption. To reveal the flow losses in the tapered front shroud region of the centrifugal pump impeller and explore drag reduction optimization methods, a gradually-varying riblet for drag reduction is proposed based on the drag reduction principle of uniform-sized riblets, operating under enclosed flow field conditions and optimized dynamic-static clearances. The drag reduction effect of this gradually-varying riblet was investigated and compared with those of a smooth flat disk and a disk with uniform-sized riblets. The results indicate that by adjusting its geometric dimensions along the radial direction, the gradually-varying riblet can more effectively reorganize the near-wall flow structure, alter streamline patterns and velocity distributions, thereby optimizing the wall shear stress field and achieving effective control over flow separation and turbulent dissipation. For a rotating disk with a given taper angle, arranging gradually-varying riblets on the tapered surface can reduce its drag torque below that of both the smooth flat disk and the disk with uniform-sized riblets. Specifically, at the rated speed, the torque coefficient decreases by 9.9% compared to the smooth flat disk conventionally used for current centrifugal pump impeller shrouds, and by 2.31% compared to the tapered disk with uniform-sized riblets. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the low-resistance design and performance enhancement of centrifugal pump impellers.
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Key words:
- conical rotating disk /
- drag torque /
- gradually-varying riblets /
- drag reduction
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图 4 不同间隙比下光滑圆盘扭矩系数
Figure 4. Torque coefficients of smooth disks under different gap ratios
图 10 不同圆盘局部速度云图与流线图
Figure 10. Local velocity contours and streamline patterns of different disks
图 13 额定转速下不同圆盘扭矩系数对比
Figure 13. Comparison of torque coefficients of different disks at rated speed
表 1 网格无关性验证
Table 1. Mesh independence verification
网格方案 网格数 阻力扭矩/(N·m) 1 3.03×106 0.6689 2 3.70×106 0.6763 3 4.99×106 0.6779 
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表 2 光滑平面圆盘算例数值计算结果
Table 2. Numerical results for smooth flat disk case
转速
/(r/min)数值仿真
阻力扭矩系数案例中实验
阻力扭矩系数相对
误差(%)800 0.016 60 0.017 39 4.54 1 000 0.016 19 0.016 60 2.46 1 200 0.015 38 0.015 58 1.33 1 400 0.015 16 0.015 54 2.44
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表 3 不同转速工况下圆盘扭矩系数对比
Table 3. Comparison of dsk torque coefficients across different rotational speeds
转速r/min 光滑平面
圆盘扭矩系数等尺寸肋条
圆盘扭矩系数渐变肋条
圆盘扭矩系数500 0.000 736 0.000 664 0.000 651 800 0.001 67 0.001 53 0.001 50 1 400 0.004 52 0.004 20 0.004 09
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