Design and Performance Analysis of a Pressure-Resistant and Sound-Absorbing Integrated Coating with High-Transmittance Composite
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摘要: 针对传统空腔型橡胶吸声覆盖层在高压环境下吸声性能显著下降的问题, 提出一种含高透波复材的耐压与吸声一体化覆盖层结构。基于有限元方法, 建立考虑静压预应力、移动网格及声-固耦合频域扰动的数值模型, 研究不同静压下透声层的透声性能及3类空腔覆盖层的吸声特性。结果表明: 在0 ~ 9 MPa静水压作用下, 玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)与碳纤维增强塑料 (CFRP)透声层均具有较高透声系数, 且受压力影响较小; 含高透波复材的矩形、叶形和锥形空腔覆盖层在4 ~ 10 kHz频段内吸声系数总体可达0.7以上, 且随静压变化较小。高透波复材能够有效抑制静压引起的空腔结构变形, 从而提高覆盖层在高压环境下吸声性能的稳定性。文中研究可为高压环境下水下吸声覆盖层的设计提供参考。Abstract: To address the significant degradation in sound absorption performance of conventional cavity-type rubber coatings under high hydrostatic pressure, a pressure-resistant and sound-absorbing integrated coating with a high-transmission composite layer is proposed. Based on the finite element method, a numerical model considering hydrostatic pre-stress, moving mesh, and acoustic-structure coupled frequency-domain perturbation is established to investigate the sound transmission performance of the composite layer and the sound absorption characteristics of three cavity configurations under different static pressures. The results show that, under hydrostatic pressures of 0-9 MPa, both glass fiber reinforced plastic(GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) layers maintain high sound transmission coefficients with limited pressure sensitivity. The rectangular, petal-shaped, and conical cavity coatings with the high-transmission composite layer all achieve sound absorption coefficients generally above 0.7 in the 4-10 kHz range, with only slight variation under different pressures. The high-transmission composite layer effectively suppresses pressure-induced deformation of the cavity structure, thereby improving the stability of sound absorption performance under high-pressure conditions. This study provides a reference for the design of underwater sound-absorbing coatings in high-pressure environments.
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图 2 不含复材的吸声覆盖层模型
Figure 2. Model of sound absorption coating without composite material
图 4 不同半径下覆盖层吸声性能对比
Figure 4. Comparison of sound absorption performance of overburden under different radii
图 6 文中有限元解与文献解对比
Figure 6. Comparison between the finite element solution and the literature solution
图 7 不同厚度的GFRP在0~9 MPa静压下的透声系数
Figure 7. Sound transmission coefficient of GFRP with different thickness under 0~9 Mpa static pressure
图 8 不同厚度的CFRP在0~9MPa静压下的透声系数
Figure 8. Sound transmission coefficient of CFRP with different thickness under 0~9Mpa static pressure
图 9 PU90储存模量和损耗模量频变特性
Figure 9. Frequency variation characteristics of storage modulus and loss modulus of pu90
图 10 含高透波复材的三类空腔覆盖层
Figure 10. Three types of cavity coatings containing high-permeability Composites
图 11 含高透波复材的三类空腔覆盖层吸声系数
Figure 11. Sound absorption coefficients of three types of cavity coatings containing high-permeability composites
图 12 不含高透波复材的3类空腔覆盖层吸声系数
Figure 12. Sound absorption coefficient of three kinds of cavity coatings without high-permeability composites
图 13 两种覆盖层结构位移云图
Figure 13. Displacement nephogram of two kinds of overburden structures
表 1 透声层各项材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of sound permeable layer
材料层 半径/mm 密度/(kg/m3) 杨氏模量/(MPa) 泊松比 GFRP 25 1 730 7 000 0.220 CFRP 25 1 462 58 700 0.032 
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表 2 模型各层材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of each layer of the model
材料层 水层 钢层 空腔 PU90 密度/(kg/m3) 1 000 7 850 1.4 1 050 杨氏模量/MPa - 205 000 - 72-203 泊松比 - 0.28 - 0.475 损耗因子 - 0.001 - 0.306-0.402
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