Design and Performance Analysis of Integrated Pressure-Resistant and Sound-Absorbing Coating with High-Transmittance Composite
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摘要: 针对传统空腔型橡胶吸声覆盖层在高压环境下吸声性能显著下降的问题, 文中提出一种含高透波复材的耐压与吸声一体化覆盖层结构。基于有限元方法, 建立考虑静压预应力、移动网格及声-固耦合频域扰动的数值模型, 研究不同静水压下透声层的透声性能及3类空腔覆盖层的吸声特性。结果表明: 在0~9 MPa静水压范围内, 玻璃纤维增强塑料与碳纤维增强塑料透声层均具有较高透声系数, 且受压力影响较小; 含高透波复材的矩形、叶形和锥形空腔覆盖层在4~10 kHz频段内吸声系数总体可达0.7以上, 且随静压变化较小。高透波复材能够有效抑制静压引起的空腔结构变形, 提高覆盖层在高压环境下吸声性能的稳定性。文中研究可为高压环境下水下吸声覆盖层的设计提供参考。Abstract: To address the significant degradation in sound absorption performance of conventional cavity-type sound-absorbing rubber coatings under high pressure environments, an integrated pressure-resistant and sound-absorbing coating with a high-transmittance composite was proposed. Based on the finite element method, a numerical model considering hydrostatic pre-stress, moving mesh, and acoustic-structure coupled frequency-domain perturbation was established to investigate the sound transmission performance of the sound transmission layer and the sound absorption characteristics of three cavity configurations under different static pressures. The results show that under hydrostatic pressures of 0~9 MPa, both glass fiber reinforced plastic and carbon fiber reinforced plastic layers maintain high sound transmission coefficients and are less affected by pressure. The rectangular, petal-shaped, and conical cavity coatings with the high-transmittance composite all achieve sound absorption coefficients generally above 0.7 in the 4~10 kHz range, with only slight variation under different static pressures. The high-transmittance composite effectively suppresses static pressure-induced deformation of the cavity structure, thereby improving the stability of sound absorption performance under high-pressure environments. This study provides a reference for the design of underwater sound-absorbing coatings in high-pressure environments.
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图 1 透声层有限元模型示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the finite element model for the sound transmission layer
图 4 不同半径下覆盖层吸声性能对比
Figure 4. Comparison of sound absorption performance of coatings under different radii
图 6 文中有限元解与文献解对比
Figure 6. Comparison between the finite element solution in this study and the literature solution
图 7 不同厚度GFRP在0~9 MPa静压下的透声系数
Figure 7. Sound transmission coefficients of GFRP with different thickness under 0~9 MPa hydrostatic pressure
图 8 不同厚度CFRP在0~9 MPa静压下的透声系数
Figure 8. Sound transmission coefficients of CFRP with different thickness under 0~9 MPa hydrostatic pressure
图 9 PU90储存模量和损耗模量频变特性
Figure 9. Frequency-dependent characteristics of storage modulus and loss modulus for PU90
图 10 含高透波复材的3类空腔覆盖层结构
Figure 10. Structures of three types of cavity coatings with high-transmittance composite
图 11 含高透波复材的3类空腔覆盖层吸声系数
Figure 11. Sound absorption coefficients of three types of cavity coatings with high-transmittance composite
图 12 不含高透波复材的3类空腔覆盖层吸声系数
Figure 12. Sound absorption coefficients of three types of cavity coatings without high-transmittance composite
图 13 2种覆盖层结构位移云图
Figure 13. Displacement nephograms of two kinds of coating structures
表 1 透声层材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of the sound transmission layer
材料层 半径/mm 密度/(kg/m3) 杨氏模量/MPa 泊松比 GFRP 25 1 730 7 000 0.220 CFRP 25 1 462 58 700 0.032 
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表 2 模型各层材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of each layer of the model
材料层 密度/(kg/m3) 杨氏模量/MPa 泊松比 损耗因子 水层 1 000 — — — 钢层 7 850 205 000 0.28 0.001 空腔 1.4 — — — PU90 1 050 72~203 0.475 0.306~0.402
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