Vibration Transfer Path and Characteristic Analysis of Underwater Shaft-Cone-Cylinder Double-Layer Shell
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摘要: 为研究水下轴-锥-柱双层壳结构的振动传递特性, 基于HyperMesh-ANSYS联合仿真平台构建流固耦合有限元模型, 模拟轴激励-轴承传递-壳体-液体耦合全流程动力学行为。系统分析舷间液密度、轴承刚度及壳体内外流体对结构振动传递的影响规律, 结果表明: 舷间液通过附加质量效应降低系统共振频率, 并通过流固耦合作用提升声压级; 轴承刚度增大可抑制轴系振动, 激发壳体高频共振; 在低频段, 舷间液的强连续性会增强双壳体间的振动传递, 而高频段下其附加质量与阻尼效应则会阻碍振动传递。文中研究揭示了水下轴-锥-柱双层壳模型的振动传递机制, 为水下航行器的声振设计与减振降噪优化提供了理论支撑。Abstract: To investigate the vibration transmission characteristics of the underwater shaft-cone-cylinder double-layer shell structure, a fluid-solid coupling finite element model was constructed based on the HyperMesh-ANSYS co-simulation platform, so as to simulate the full-process dynamic behavior of shaft excitation, bearing transmission, shell, and liquid coupling. The effects of interhull fluid density, bearing stiffness, and internal and external fluids of the shell on structural vibration transfer were systematically analyzed. The results show that the interhull liquid reduces the resonance frequency of the system through the added mass effect and enhances the sound pressure level through the fluid-solid coupling effect. The increase in bearing stiffness can suppress the shaft system vibration but excites the high-frequency resonance of the shell. In the low-frequency band, the strong continuity of the interhull liquid enhances the vibration transmission between the double-layer shells, while the additional mass and damping effects block the vibration transmission in the high-frequency band. This study reveals the vibration transfer effect of the underwater shaft-cone-cylinder double-layer shell model and provides theoretical support for the acoustic vibration design and vibration and noise reduction optimization of undersea vehicles.
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图 3 轴-锥-柱双层壳流固耦合有限元模型
Figure 3. Fluid-solid coupling finite element model of shaft-cone-cylinder double-layer shell
图 6 各结构平均加速度幅值曲线及振级落差
Figure 6. Average acceleration amplitude curves and vibration level difference of each structure
图 7 不同模型轻外壳振动响应及声辐射分析
Figure 7. Vibration response and acoustic radiation analysis of light shell in different models
图 9 轴承刚度对不同结构的加速度幅值影响
Figure 9. Influence of bearing stiffness on acceleration amplitude of different structures
图 10 不同轴承刚度下声辐射特性
Figure 10. Acoustic radiation characteristics under different bearing stiffness
图 11 不同密度舷间液下壳体平均加速度幅值分析
Figure 11. Analysis of average acceleration amplitude of shell under different interhull liquid densities
图 13 有无舷间液振动幅值对比
Figure 13. Comparison of vibration amplitudes with or without interhull liquid
图 14 有无舷间液声辐射结果分析
Figure 14. Results analysis of acoustic radiation with or without interhull liquid
图 15 有无外流域振动幅值对比
Figure 15. Comparison of vibration amplitudes with or without external flow field
表 1 不同尺寸网格参数
Table 1. Grids parameters of different sizes
网格尺寸/m 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 单元数 251 025 565 501 1 102 051 2 052 524 
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表 2 已有模型湿模态
Table 2. Wet modes of the existing model
阶数 固有频率/Hz 模态(m, n) 1 4.92 (1, 2) 2 9.06 (1, 3) 3 10.71 (2, 3) 4 11.24 (2, 2) 5 14.70 (3, 3) 6 18.68 (1, 4)
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表 3 仿真模型湿模态参数
Table 3. Wet mode parameters of the simulation model
阶数 固有频率/Hz 模态(m, n) 1 5.03 (1, 2) 2 9.37 (1, 3) 3 10.79 (2, 3)
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