仿生锯齿结构对环形螺旋桨水动力噪声特性影响规律研究

毛鑫培; 刘鹏; 柳江; 康鲁迪; 金辉; 殷逸冰

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0141

仿生锯齿结构对环形螺旋桨水动力噪声特性影响规律研究

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0141

青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 山东青岛, 266520

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62501348, 62401312); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024YD012); 国防科工局稳定支持项目(WDZC20245150310).

详细信息

作者简介:
毛鑫培(2002-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为水动力噪声抑制

通讯作者:
刘鹏(1990-), 男, 博士研究生, 教授, 主要研究方向为振动噪声控制与智能运维.

中图分类号: TJ630; U664.33
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- 文章访问数: 3
- HTML全文浏览量: 2
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-13
- 修回日期: 2025-11-04
- 录用日期: 2025-11-06
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-26

Research on the influence of biomimetic serrated structure on the hydrodynamic noise characteristics of toroidal propeller

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China

摘要

摘要: 环形螺旋桨因其在推进效率与噪声控制方面的潜力而成为研究前沿, 其中仿生学原理为噪声抑制提供了新颖的技术路径。然而, 仿生改性在水下螺旋桨领域的应用研究仍相对缺乏。为此, 文中研究旨在探究仿生锯齿结构对环形螺旋桨水动力噪声的影响机理。受猫头鹰翼缘锯齿的声学特性启发, 依据环形螺旋桨参数化建模方法, 设计了具有后缘锯齿特征的仿生变体。基于计算流体动力学(CFD)与FW-H声类比理论, 系统性分析了不同锯齿尺寸下的螺旋桨流场特性及非空化噪声声场变化规律。研究结果表明: 仿生结构对螺旋桨的宽带噪声分量具有调制作用, 在径向观测平面内可实现0.3~1.5 dB的降噪量; 在桨叶叶尖与中段后方区域, 降噪效果显著依赖于锯齿尺寸与工作转速, 即高转速下噪声幅值有效降低, 而低转速下特定区域噪声反而略有增加。文中研究阐明了仿生锯齿参数对噪声的影响规律, 为低噪声水下推进器的仿生设计提供了理论依据与优化方向。
- 环形螺旋桨 /
- 仿生改性 /
- 锯齿状后缘 /
- 水动力噪声 /
- FW-H声类比
Abstract: The toroidal propeller has emerged as a research hotspot owing to its potential for enhancing propulsion efficiency and achieving effective noise control. Biomimetic principles offer a novel technical approach to noise reduction. However, the application research of biomimetic modification in the field of underwater propellers is still relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanism of the influence of biomimetic serrated structures on the hydrodynamic noise of toroidal propellers. Inspired by the acoustic characteristics of owl wing-edge serrations and based on the parametric modeling method of toroidal propeller, a biomimetic variant with trailing-edge serration features was designed. Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and the FW-H acoustic analogy theory, the characteristics of the propeller flow field and the variation patterns of non-cavitation noise under different serration sizes were systematically analyzed. The research results show that the biomimetic structure has a modulation effect on the broadband noise components of the propeller, achieving a noise reduction of 0.3 to 1.5 dB within the radial observation plane; in the area of the blade tip and the rear part of the middle section, the noise reduction effect is significantly dependent on the serration size and the operating speed. That is, at high rotational speeds, the noise amplitude is effectively reduced, while at low rotational speeds, the noise in specific areas slightly increases. This study elucidated the influence of bionic serrated parameters on noise, providing a theoretical foundation and optimization direction for the bionic design of low-noise underwater propellers.
- toroidal propeller /
- biomimetic modification /
- serrated trailing edges /
- hydrodynamic noise /
- FW-H acoustic analogy

HTML全文

图 1 环形螺旋桨基模

Figure 1. Basic mode of annular propeller

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图 2 带有仿生锯齿结构的环形螺旋桨

Figure 2. Annular propeller with bionic sawtooth structure

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图 3 计算模型锯齿结构对比图

Figure 3. Comparison diagram of saw tooth structure of calculation model

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图 4 网格划分模型

Figure 4. Meshing models

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图 5 DTMB P4119螺旋桨模型图

Figure 5. DTMB P4119 propeller model diagram

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图 6 DTMB P4119螺旋桨淌水性能曲线

Figure 6. DTMB P4119 propeller open water performance curves

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图 7 旋转域中心平面(Y=0)湍流动能图

Figure 7. Rotational domain center plane (Y=0) turbulent kinetic energy diagram

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图 8 旋转域叶尖平面(X=0)湍流动能图

Figure 8. Rotational domain tip-plane (X=0) turbulent kinetic energy diagram

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图 9 流场X+方向湍流动能图

Figure 9. Stream field X+ direction turbulent kinetic energy diagram

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图 10 噪声监测点分布图

Figure 10. Distribution map of noise monitoring points

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图 11 原始环形螺旋桨径向监测点噪声频谱图

Figure 11. Radial monitoring point noise spectrogram of the original toroidal propeller

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图 12 P1监测点噪声频谱图

Figure 12. Noise spectrum of P1 monitoring point

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图 13 P4监测点噪声频谱图

Figure 13. Noise spectrum of P4 monitoring point

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图 14 P5监测点噪声频谱图

Figure 14. Noise spectrum of P5 monitoring point

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图 15 原始环形螺旋桨轴向监测点噪声频谱图

Figure 15. Noise spectrum of axial monitoring points of original annular propeller

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图 16 P6监测点噪声频谱图

Figure 16. Noise spectrum of P6 monitoring point

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图 17 P6监测点噪声声压级柱状图

Figure 17. Noise sound pressure level histogram of P6 monitoring point

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表 1 现有螺旋桨噪声抑制机理对比

Table 1. Comparison of existing propeller noise suppression mechanisms

螺旋桨模型	主要应用	噪声抑制机理
锯齿螺旋桨	空中飞行器	离散尾缘涡流
导管螺旋桨	水下航行器	优化流场
锯齿状导管螺旋桨	水下航行器	优化流场、离散涡流
环形螺旋桨	水下航行器	优化流场、改进涡流分布

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表 2 环形螺旋桨主要参数表

Table 2. Main parameters of annular propeller

参数	数值
直径D/mm	305
毂径比	0.2
剖面类型	NACA66

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表 3 仿生环形螺旋桨设计参数表

Table 3. Design parameters of bionic annular propeller

模型	锯齿高h/mm	锯齿数(单桨叶)/个	圆角半径/mm
A(原始模型)	0	0	0
B	4.5	62	0.3
C	6.0	46	0.5
D	7.5	35	0.5

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表 4 网格无关性验证结果

Table 4. Mesh independence verification results

工况	K_T	K_T误差	10K_Q	10K_Q误差
实验值	0.146 0	—	0.280 0	—
网格A	0.134 0	8.22%	0.275 6	1.57%
网格B	0.135 2	7.40%	0.275 7	1.54%
网格C	0.135 9	6.92%	0.275 8	1.50%
网格D	0.136 0	6.85%	0.275 9	1.46%

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表 5 不同进速系数下DTMB P4119螺旋桨推力系数和扭矩系数值

Table 5. Thrust coefficient and torque coefficient values of the DTMB P4119 propeller under different advance ratios

J	K_T			10K_Q
J	计算值	实验值	误差	计算值	实验值	误差
0.500	0.282 0	0.285	0.88%	0.478 0	0.477	0.11%
0.600	0.239 0	0.245	2.54%	0.417 0	0.410	1.57%
0.700	0.192 0	0.200	3.76%	0.355 0	0.357	0.68%
0.833	0.135 9	0.146	6.92%	0.275 8	0.280	1.50%
0.900	0.113 0	0.120	5.78%	0.230 0	0.239	3.95%

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