The influence of launch depth on the ejection and ignition process of underwater vehicles
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摘要: 水下发射航行体技术是水下航行器领域发展的重要方向, 其中航行体出筒点火过程是航行体弹射出筒与近筒口点火两阶段的耦合过程。该过程中, 高温高压燃气流与水环境耦合作用, 形成复杂多相流场, 同时航行体与发射筒壁面产生剧烈冲击, 引发载荷动态变化; 探究该过程的流动演化规律, 对完善水下发射理论体系具有重要意义。为探究深水环境下航行体出筒点火特性, 文中采用 Fluent 软件, 结合重叠网格技术与用户自定义函数(UDF)方法, 系统研究发射深度对该过程的影响规律。研究表明, 发射深度显著影响航行体出筒点火过程中的燃气射流演化及推力特性: 随发射深度增加, 发射筒出口燃气泡径向扩张受抑制, 航行体离筒后筒口卷吸效应显著增强, 燃气射流易发生断裂现象, 且喷管涡流会导致发动机推力损失。Abstract: Underwater-launched vehicle technology represents an important development direction in the field of underwater vehicles, in which the out-of-tube ignition process is a coupled process involving vehicle ejection from the launch tube and near-muzzle ignition. During this process, high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases interact with the surrounding water environment, forming a complex multiphase flow field, while severe impacts occur between the vehicle and the launch tube wall, leading to dynamic load variations. Investigating the flow evolution characteristics of this process is of great significance for improving the theoretical framework of underwater launch systems. To investigate the out-of-tube ignition characteristics of a vehicle under deep-water conditions, this study employs Fluent software in conjunction with overset grid technology and user-defined functions (UDFs) to systematically examine the influence of launch depth on the process. The results indicate that launch depth has a significant effect on the evolution of the gas jet and thrust characteristics during the out-of-tube ignition process: with increasing depth, the radial expansion of gas bubbles at the tube exit is suppressed, the entrainment effect at the tube mouth after vehicle separation is markedly enhanced, gas jet breakup becomes more likely, and nozzle vortices lead to engine thrust losses.
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Key words:
- underwater vehicle /
- underwater launch /
- multiphase flow /
- overlapping grid /
- numerical simulation
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图 1 航行体出筒过程位移时间曲线对比
Figure 1. Comparison of displacement time curves in the process of launching vehicle
图 7 不同工况航行体位移变化曲线
Figure 7. Displacement change curves of navigation body under different working conditions
图 8 不同工况航行体速度变化曲线
Figure 8. Velocity variation curves of vehicle under different working conditions
图 9 航行体出筒过程受力变化曲线
Figure 9. Force variation curves during the ejection process of the vehicle from the tube
图 10 航行体点火过程受力变化曲线
Figure 10. Force variation curves during the ignition process of the vehicle
图 13 不同深度出筒阶段燃气泡发展云图(0~79 ms)
Figure 13. Cloud chart of gas bubble development at different depths(0~79 ms)
图 14 不同深度点火阶段燃气泡发展云图(79~115 ms)
Figure 14. Cloud chart of gas bubble development at different depth ignition stages(79~115 ms)
图 15 不同工况点火时刻马赫数云图
Figure 15. Mach cloud chart at ignition time under different working conditions
图 16 不同工况轴线马赫数变化
Figure 16. Mach number variation of axis under different working conditions
表 1 推进剂参数
Table 1. Propellant parameters
参数/单位 数值 燃速压强指数 0.3 燃速系数 0.000 1 推进剂燃气温度/(K) 280 0 平均摩尔质量/(g/mol) 26 推进剂定压比热容/(J/(kg·K)) 1 598.85 燃气导热系数/(J/(m·K)) 0.16 
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表 2 不同发射水深下的计算工况表
Table 2. Calculation table under different launching water depths
工况 发射水深/(m) 发射筒压差/(MPa) 燃烧室设计压力/(MPa) #1 100 1 10 #2 150 #3 200 #4 250
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