Rapid prediction and numerical verification of high-speed water-entry impact response of spherical-nosed cone
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摘要: 针对球头锥体跨介质入水复杂物理现象, 以入水动力学理论为基础, 采用精确形体法建模, 构建了一种快速预报球头锥体入水冲击过载的分析模型。模型在运动体入水动力学基础上, 针对典型入水阶段, 引入附加质量的影响得到理想流体作用力, 对触水运动体截面切片进行受力分析得到粘性流体作用力, 沿着结构体轴线将各切片理想流体作用力和粘性流体作用力积分, 最后得到球头锥体入水多阶段动力学方程。为验证模型有效性, 数值试验采用多相流模型、k-ε模型以及重叠网格技术, 基于计算流体力学(CFD)研究锥度在5°~15°变化的球头锥体, 从空气中以50°~90°(垂直)角度范围高速抨击静止水面的高速入水过程, 得到运动体高速入水规律。研究表明, 文中所提模型可精确预测结构体入水冲击载荷及时刻, 且计算效率较传统CFD方法提升了2个量级, 适用于工程领域快速评估。Abstract: Aiming at the complex physical phenomena of spherical-nosed cone across media water entry, this study develops a rapid prediction model for water-entry impact overload of spherical-nosed cone based on water-entry dynamics and exact geometric characterization method. Based on water-entry dynamics of the projectile, for typical water entry stages, the rapid predicting model incorporates the influence of added mass to, obtain ideal fluid forces, while viscous fluid forces are obtained through force analysis of cross-sectional slice analysis of the submerged projectile. By integrating the ideal fluid forces and viscous fluid forces of each slice along the axial direction of the structural body, multi-stage dynamic equations governing the water entry process of spherical-nosed cone obtained finally. To verify the validity of the proposed model, numerical experiments employ multiphase flow model, k-ε turbulence model and overlapping mesh method. Based on the CFD, high-speed water entry process of conical-nose projectiles with 5°–15° angles and 50–90°(vertical) impact angles into quiescent water from air is investigate, then high-speed water entry law of the projectile is obtained. By comparing with the results from numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that the rapid prediction model could accurately predict the impact loads-as well as the occurrence of projectiles entering water, while achieving a 2-order-of-magnitude improvement in computational efficiency over conventional CFD methods, making it suitable for rapid assessment in the field of engineering.
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图 3 球头锥型弹体入水时刻几何示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of water entry of spherical-nosed cone
图 8 入水过载曲线的数值仿真结果与试验数据对比
Figure 8. Comparison of water entry overload curves between the numerical simulation and experimental data
图 10 不同倾角斜入水和垂直入水时弹体总过载曲线
Figure 10. Variation of total overload with time for projectiles during oblique water entry at different inclination angles and vertical water entry
图 11 不同倾角斜入水和垂直入水时弹体轴向过载曲线
Figure 11. Variation of axial overload with time for projectiles during oblique water entry at different inclination angles and vertical water entry
图 12 不同倾角斜入水和垂直入水时弹体径向过载曲线
Figure 12. Variation of radial overload with time for projectiles during oblique water entry at different inclination angles and vertical water entry
图 13 弹体以50°倾角入水时轴向过载曲线
Figure 13. Variation of axial overload with time when the projectile enters water at an inclination angle of 50°
图 14 锥度5°弹体以70°倾角入水结果对比
Figure 14. Comparison results of a projectile with a 5° cone angle during water entry at a 70° inclination angle
图 15 不同锥度弹体以70°倾角入水结果对比
Figure 15. Comparison results of projectiles with various cone angles during water entry at a 70° inclination angle
图 16 锥度 5°弹体垂直入水结果对比
Figure 16. Comparison results of a projectile with a 5° cone angle during vertical water entry
图 17 不同锥度弹体垂直入水结果对比
Figure 17. Comparison results of projectiles with various cone angles during vertical water entry
图 18 锥度 15°大尺度弹体以200 m/s速度垂直入水结果对比
Figure 18. Comparison results of a large-scale projectile with a 15° cone angle during vertical water entry at 200 m/s
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