Research on Optimization of Acoustic Deception Countermeasure Based on Adaptive Mutation Particle Swarm
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摘要: 针对水面舰船防御水下制导装置的决策系统, 当前既缺乏多枚水声诱骗装置协同作战体系的相关研究, 且传统穷举法存在效率低、可移植性差的问题; 文中引入粒子群优化算法对对抗模型进行优化, 并通过添加自适应惯性权重与多半径变异机制改进该算法; 同时, 构建以防御成功率、最小交战距离及舰船存活时间为核心指标的多目标优化函数。优化参数包括舰船规避航向, 以及第1枚、第2枚助飞式水声诱骗装置的发射距离与角度。仿真结果表明, 所提改进粒子群算法相较传统算法具备更高效率、更快收敛速度与更优适应度。同时, 通过仿真揭示了不同舷角态势下最优对抗策略的差异性及其战术价值, 对现实海战中的水下制导装置防御策略制定有重要的参考价值。Abstract: In view of the lack of research on the cooperative combat system of multiple acoustic decoys in the decision-making system for surface ships to defend against underwater guidance device, as well as the problems of low efficiency and poor portability in the traditional exhaustive method, this paper introduces the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the countermeasure model and improves the particle swarm algorithm by introducing adaptive inertia weight and multi-radius mutation mechanism. A multi-objective optimization function composed of defense success rate, minimum engagement distance and ship survival time is established. The optimization parameters include the ship's evasive course, the launch distance and angle of the first flying acoustic decoy, and the launch distance and angle of the second flying acoustic decoy. The simulation results show that the proposed improved particle swarm algorithm has higher efficiency, faster convergence speed and higher fitness value compared with the traditional algorithm. Through simulation, the differences in the optimal countermeasure strategies under different bearing angles and their tactical significance are revealed, which has important reference value for the formulation of defense strategies against underwater guidance device in real naval battles.
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图 3 水声诱骗装置参数变异示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of parameter variation of underwater acoustic deception device
表 1 对抗优化参数
Table 1. Optimization Parameters for Comparison
优化对象 优化参数/单位 参数范围 舰船 舰船规避航向/(°) (0°, 180°) 诱骗装置1 第1枚诱骗装置发射距离/m (600, 2 000) 诱骗装置1 第1枚诱骗装置发射舷角/(°) (0°, 180°) 诱骗装置2 第2枚诱骗装置发射距离/m (600, 2 000) 诱骗装置2 第2枚诱骗装置发射舷角/(°) (0°, 180°) 
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表 2 大舷角态势优化前后的策略参数
Table 2. Strategy parameters before and after optimization of the main beam angle situation
策略参数 优化前 优化后 舰船规避航向 97.22° 64.84° 第1枚诱骗装置释放距离 1 919.1 m 1 211.6 m 第1枚诱骗装置释放方位 −163° −147° 第2枚诱骗装置释放距离 1 517.9 m 1 276.7 m 第2枚诱骗装置释放方位 −153° −72°
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表 3 中等舷角态势优化前后的策略参数
Table 3. Strategy parameters before and after optimizing the mid angle situation
策略参数 优化前 优化后 舰艇规避航向 95.2° 70.8° 第1枚诱骗装置释放距离 1 998.4 m 1 687.1 m 第1枚诱骗装置释放方位 −85.6° −53.1° 第2枚诱骗装置释放距离 1 494.9 m 2 157.6 m 第2枚诱骗装置释放方位 −75.7° −28.9°
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表 4 小舷角态势优化前后的策略参数
Table 4. Strategy parameters before and after optimizing the small angle situation
策略参数 优化前 优化后 舰船规避航向 117.74° 123.71° 第1枚诱骗装置释放距离 1 936.3 m 1 636.2 m 第1枚诱骗装置释放方位 −18.8° −36.2° 第2枚诱骗装置释放距离 1 436.7 m 1 429.2 m 第2枚诱骗装置释放方位 −8.6° −5.5°
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