Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of Liquid-Filled Pipelines Coupled with Plates and Shells under Mechanical Force Excitation
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摘要: 采用传递矩阵法与有限元法相结合的混合计算方法, 用于分析充液管路与板壳耦合系统的声振响应及声辐射特性。该方法使用传递矩阵法解析复杂管路段, 采用有限元法模拟板壳及外部声场, 两者通过耦合界面处力与位移连续条件进行阻抗耦合。以直管及两类弯管对应的充液管路与弹性板耦合系统为例, 重点探讨机械力激励下弯管结构、弹性障板尺寸与管径变化对监测点声辐射的影响。结果表明, 多数工况下弹性障板声辐射贡献占主导, 但随着管径增大或障板尺寸减小, 管口辐射贡献显著增强, 部分工况下与弹性障板声辐射接近甚至占优。管口与弹性障板声辐射的相对贡献受管路构型、机械力激励方向及结构参数共同影响, 并呈现一定规律性差异。Abstract: A hybrid computational method combining the transfer matrix method and the finite element method is developed to investigate the vibro-acoustic response and acoustic radiation characteristics of liquid-filled pipelines coupled with plate/shell structures. In this method, the transfer matrix method is employed to analytically model complex pipeline sections, while the finite element method is used to simulate the plate/shell structures and external acoustic field. The two methods are coupled through the impedance synthesis at the coupling interface by enforcing the continuity conditions of force and displacement. Taking liquid-filled pipelines coupled with elastic plates, including straight pipes and two types of bent pipes, as examples, the effects of bend configurations, elastic baffle dimensions, and pipe diameter on the acoustic radiation at the monitoring point under mechanical force excitation are investigated. The results show that the acoustic radiation from the elastic plate dominates in most cases. However, with increasing pipe diameter or decreasing baffle size, the contribution of pipe outlet radiation increases significantly and becomes comparable to or even exceeds that of the elastic plate radiation in some cases. The relative contributions of pipe outlet and elastic plate radiation are governed by pipeline configurations, excitation directions, and structural parameters, showing distinct radiation characteristics.
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Key words:
- transfer matrix method /
- hybrid method /
- fluid-filled pipeline /
- elastic baffle /
- acoustic radiation
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图 1 直管与弹性板耦合系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the coupled system of a straight tube and an elastic plate
图 2 3种管型结构及尺寸示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of three types of pipe structures with dimensions
图 3 充液管路–弹性障板耦合系统有限元模型
Figure 3. Finite element models of fluid-filled pipeline–elastic baffle coupling systems
图 5 不同网格密度下有限元计算结果对比
Figure 5. Comparison of finite element results with different mesh densities
图 6 轴向力激励下混合方法与有限元方法计算结果对比
Figure 6. Comparison between hybrid method and FEM results under axial force excitation
图 7 横向力激励下不同管路系统监测点声辐射响应对比
Figure 7. Comparison between hybrid method and FEM results under transverse force excitation
图 8 轴向力激励下管口与障板声辐射贡献对比: (a) 直管; (b) Ⅰ型弯管; (c) Ⅱ型弯管
Figure 8. Outlet and baffle radiation contributions under axial force excitation
图 9 横向力激励下管口与障板声辐射贡献对比
Figure 9. Outlet and baffle radiation contributions under transverse force excitation
图 10 轴向力激励下管口与障板声辐射贡献对比
Figure 10. Comparison of sound radiation contributions from the pipe outlet and elastic baffle under axial excitation
图 11 横向力激励下管口与障板声辐射贡献对比
Figure 11. Comparison of sound radiation contributions from the pipe outlet and elastic baffle under transverse excitation
图 12 横向力激励下直管系统不同管径辐射声压级频率响应对比
Figure 12. Comparison of sound pressure level frequency responses at different pipe diameters for a straight pipe system under transverse excitation
表 1 管壁、弹性障板及流体材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of pipe wall, elastic baffle and fluid medium
管壁、弹性障板(钢) 数值 流体(水) 数值 $ {\rho }_{p} $ /(kg/m3) 7 850 $ {\rho }_{f} $ /(kg/m3) 998.2 $ E $ /(Pa) 2.05×1011 $ K $/ (Pa) 2.14×109 $ \mu $ 0.3 $ {c}_{f} $/ (m/s) 1482.1 
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表 2 混合方法与纯有限元法的计算时间对比
Table 2. Comparison of computation time between hybrid method and pure finite element method
计算模型类型 混合方法 纯有限元法 单一障板模型(含外流场) 4 h 27 min 4 h 27 min 直管系统全耦合模型 4 h 27 min 6 h 52 min I型弯管系统全耦合模型 4 h 27 min 7 h 43 min II型弯管系统全耦合模型 4 h 27 min 8 h 2 min
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表 3 混合方法与纯有限元法预测主要共振频率对比
Table 3. Comparison of predicted primary resonant frequencies using hybrid method and pure finite element method
构型 主峰 混合法 /Hz 纯有限元/Hz 相对误差/(%) 直管 1 61 63 3.17 2 107 110 2.73 3 421 419 −0.48 4 485 496 2.22 I型弯管 1 15 16 6.25 2 192 194 1.03 3 304 294 −3.40 4 428 423 −1.18 II型弯管 1 114 118 3.39 2 252 255 1.18 3 356 354 −0.57 4 442 445 0.67
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表 4 不同管径大小下, 在监测点处系统的声压级总级
Table 4. Overall sound pressure levels of the system at the monitoring point under different pipe diameters
R/ mm 50 100 200 300 400 轴向力 直管系统 管口 116.6 dB 118.6 dB 119.6 dB 124.7 dB 125.1 dB 弹性障板 147.1 dB 143.9 dB 142.3 dB 139.5 dB 136.2 dB I型弯管系统 管口 123.1 dB 125.4 dB 126.6 dB 128.5 dB 129.8 dB 弹性障板 137.5 dB 137.1 dB 136.1 dB 135.6 dB 134.7 dB II型弯管系统 管口 120.2 dB 121.7 dB 123.4 dB 125.1 dB 128.5 dB 弹性障板 140.4 dB 141.0 dB 140.7 dB 135.6 dB 135.2 dB 横向力 直管系统 管口 82.1 dB 96.8 dB 97.9 dB 101.2 dB 104.3 dB 弹性障板 125.4 dB 109.9 dB 106.6 dB 104.9 dB 104.1 dB I型弯管系统 管口 131.4 dB 134.2 dB 133.6 dB 133.7 dB 134.5 dB 弹性障板 150.6 dB 148.9 dB 145.1 dB 144.6 dB 140.7 dB II型弯管系统 管口 128.2 dB 130.8 dB 132.5 dB 133.3 dB 133.9 dB 弹性障板 150.5 dB 150.0 dB 145.8dB 141.0 dB 138.4 dB
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