Effects of Front-Side Angles of Floating Boxes on the Navigation Performance of an Amphibious Vehicle in Calm Water
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摘要: 为明确浮箱前侧夹角对两栖车静水航行阻力、姿态响应及局部流场的影响, 以某型两栖车为研究对象, 基于雷诺平均纳维–斯托克斯(RANS)方程, 在计算流体力学(CFD)框架下, 结合剪切应力传递(SST)k-ω湍流模型与体积分数法(VOF)自由液面模型, 研究浮箱前侧几何夹角对车辆水动力特性的影响。通过改变浮箱前斜面夹角α1与外侧导流面夹角α2, 在固定排水状态和6 m·s−1航速工况下, 对车辆航行阻力、纵摇、垂荡以及自由液面形态和压力分布进行对比分析, 并通过拖曳水池试验验证数值方法的可靠性。结果表明: 在本文考察的参数范围内, 随着α1由15°增大至35°, 归一化阻力R/∇由2.509增至2.690, 增幅约7.2%, 较大α1工况下浮箱前缘迎流高压区扩大, 自由液面扰动和兴波作用增强; 纵摇角呈先小幅减小后逐渐增大的变化趋势, 垂荡量则先减小后小幅波动。在已计算的离散工况中, α1=25°时垂荡量最小, 为0.009 529 m, 此时R/∇为2.542, 较α1=15°工况增加约1.3%, 纵摇角为4.255°, 因此不同性能指标对应的有利夹角并不一致, 其综合性能仍需依据明确的多指标评价方法进行权衡。相比之下, α2变化引起的阻力响应幅度较小, 其中α2=30°时R/∇达到所考察工况中的最大值2.650, 并伴随较强的横向波系干涉。研究表明, 浮箱前侧夹角可通过改变局部压力分布、车辆姿态响应和自由液面波系影响航行阻力, 相关结果可为本文车辆浮箱前侧几何参数的选取及后续优化研究提供参考。Abstract: To clarify the effects of the front-side angles of floating boxes on the resistance, attitude response, and local flow field of an amphibious vehicle in calm water, a specific amphibious vehicle was investigated based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations. Within the framework of computational fluid dynamics(CFD), the shear stress transport(SST) k-ω turbulence model and the volume of fluid (VOF) free-surface model were employed to analyze the hydrodynamic effects of the front-side geometric angles of the floating boxes. By varying the front inclined angle α1 and the outer guide-surface angle α2, the resistance, pitch, heave, free-surface patterns, and pressure distributions were comparatively analyzed at a fixed displacement condition and a speed of 6m·s−1. Towing-tank experiments were also conducted to validate the numerical method. The results show that, within the parameter ranges investigated, as α1 increases from 15° to 35°, the normalized resistance R/∇ increases from 2.509 to 2.690, corresponding to an increase of approximately 7.2%. At larger α1, the high-pressure region near the leading part of the floating box expands, accompanied by intensified free-surface disturbance and wave-making effects. The pitch angle first decreases slightly and then gradually increases, whereas the heave displacement first decreases and subsequently exhibits small fluctuations. Among the discrete cases investigated, the minimum heave displacement of 0.009 529 m occurs at α1=25°, where R/∇ is 2.542, approximately 1.3% higher than that at α1=15°, and the pitch angle is 4.255°. Therefore, the favorable values of α1 differ among individual hydrodynamic performance indices, and an overall optimum cannot be identified without an explicitly defined multi-objective evaluation criterion. In comparison, variations in α2 produce a smaller resistance response. At α2=30°, R/∇ reaches the maximum value of 2.650 among the investigated cases, accompanied by relatively strong transverse-wave interference. The results indicate that the front-side angles of the floating boxes affect navigation resistance through changes in local pressure distribution, vehicle attitude response, and free-surface wave patterns, providing a reference for the selection and further optimization of the front-side geometric parameters of the floating boxes for the vehicle investigated in this study.
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图 6 仿真与实验波面对比
Figure 6. Comparison of free-surface wave patterns between numerical simulation and towing-tank experiment
图 7 不同航速下航行阻力试验值与数值计算值对比
Figure 7. Comparison of resistance between experimental and numerical results at different speeds
图 8 α1改变时车辆航行参数变化
Figure 8. Variation of vehicle navigation parameters with changes in α1
图 9 浮箱前斜面夹角α1改变时自由液面变化
Figure 9. Free-surface variation with changes in the floating-box front inclined angle α1
图 10 α1改变时艏部压浪板自由液面变化
Figure 10. Free-surface variation at the bow spray plate with changes in α1
图 11 α1改变时浮箱表面压力分布
Figure 11. Pressure distribution on the floating-box surface with changes in α1
图 12 α1改变时车体底部压力分布
Figure 12. Pressure distribution on the vehicle bottom with varying α1
图 13 α2改变时车辆航行参数变化
Figure 13. Variation of vehicle navigation parameters with changes in α2
图 15 α2改变时艏部压浪板自由液面形态
Figure 15. Free-surface patterns at the bow spray plate with changes in α2
图 16 α2改变时浮箱表面压力分布
Figure 16. Pressure distribution on the floating-box surface with changes in α2
图 17 α2改变时车体底部压力分布
Figure 17. Pressure distribution on the vehicle bottom with varying α2
表 1 浮箱参数几何角α1和α2取值
Table 1. Values of geometric angles α1 and α2 of the floating boxes
参数 数值/(°) α1 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 α2 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 
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表 2 网格无关性验证结果
Table 2. Results of mesh independence verification
网格方案 R/∇ 纵摇角 /( °) 垂荡量 / m 网格1 2.575 4.335 0.010 25 网格2 2.538 4.258 0.009 58 网格3 2.529 4.246 0.009 52
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