Factors Influencing Leakage Current in Lithium Reserve Battery Packs
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摘要: 针对集中注液模式下锂贮备电池组共用电解液引发的内部漏电流问题, 采用等效电路仿真计算方法研究了电池组漏电流分布规律, 分析了串联单体数量、电解液电导率、注液管路结构特征对漏电流的影响机理。组建了电池模组漏电流实验装置, 将实测结果与仿真结果进行对比, 证实该等效电路仿真方法的合理性。研究表明: 锂贮备电池组漏电流整体处于毫安级, 漏电流分布呈中间高、两端低的抛物线形态; 可通过减小串联单体数、提升电解液液相阻抗、优化注液总管-支管阻抗匹配实现漏电流抑制, 为锂贮备电池组成组设计提供理论支撑。Abstract: To address the internal leakage current caused by the shared electrolyte under the centralized liquid-injection mode of lithium reserve battery packs, an equivalent-circuit simulation method was adopted to investigate the distribution of leakage current. The effects of the number of cells connected in series, electrolyte conductivity, and the structural characteristics of the injection pipeline on leakage current were analyzed. A leakage-current test setup for battery modules was developed, and the experimental results were compared with the simulation results, thus validating the equivalent-circuit simulation method. The results show that the leakage current in lithium reserve battery packs is generally in the milliampere range and exhibits a parabolic distribution, with higher values in the middle and lower values at both ends. Leakage current can be suppressed by reducing the number of cells connected in series, increasing the liquid-phase impedance of the electrolyte, and optimizing impedance matching between the main and branch injection pipes. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the pack-level design of lithium reserve battery systems.
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图 1 共用电解液的锂贮备电池组模型
Figure 1. Model of lithium reserve battery pack with shared electrolyte
图 2 5串锂贮备电池模组漏电流等效电路模型
Figure 2. Equivalent circuit model for leakage current of 5-series lithium reserve battery module
图 3 串联单体数对漏电电流分布的影响
Figure 3. Effects of the number of series-connected cells on leakage current distribution
图 4 电解液电导率对漏电电流分布的影响
Figure 4. Effects of electrolyte conductivity on leakage current distribution
图 5 总管长度对漏电电流分布的影响
Figure 5. Effects of main pipe length on leakage current distribution
图 6 总管内径对漏电电流分布的影响
Figure 6. Effects of main pipe inner diameter on leakage current distribution
图 7 支管长度对漏电电流分布的影响
Figure 7. Effects of branch pipe length on leakage current distribution
图 8 支管内径对漏电电流分布的影响
Figure 8. Effects of branch pipe inner diameter on leakage current distribution
图 9 5串锂贮备电池模组漏电试验装置
Figure 9. Leakage current experimental device for 5-series lithium reserve battery module
图 10 5串电池模组仿真与实测漏电电流对比
Figure 10. Comparison between simulated and measured leakage-current for 5-series battery module
表 1 电路仿真边界参数
Table 1. Boundary parameters for circuit simulation
参数 符号 数值 单体电压/V E 4.2 电解液电导率/(mS/cm) κ 7.6 总管电阻/Ω Rm 1215 支管电阻/Ω Rp 1245 
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