二十面球型组合体声散射特性分析

董艳华; 周富霖; 范军; 王斌; 王文欢; 熊健冰

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0078

二十面球型组合体声散射特性分析

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0078

董艳华^{1, 2,},
周富霖^{1, 2,},
范军^{1, 2},
王斌^{1, 2},
王文欢^{1, 2},
熊健冰^{1, 2}

1.
上海交通大学海洋智能装备与系统教育部重点实验室, 上海, 200240
2.
上海交通大学海洋工程全国重点实验室, 上海, 200240

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(U2241277); 上海市协同创新科技计划项目(24xtcx00600).

详细信息

作者简介:
董艳华(1995-), 女, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为水中目标声散射

通讯作者:
周富霖(1991-), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为水中目标声散射.

中图分类号: TJ630; U666.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 10
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-21
- 修回日期: 2026-05-11
- 录用日期: 2026-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-28

Analysis on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Icosahedral Sphere Composite

DONG Yanhua^{1, 2
,},
ZHOU Fulin^{1, 2
,},
FAN Jun^{1, 2},
WANG Bin^{1, 2},
WANG Wenhuan^{1, 2},
XIONG Jianbing^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

摘要

摘要: 针对传统水下声学标准体布放实操困难及声学适配性不足的问题, 文中提出一种水下轻量化二十面浮体-杆组合结构仿球形散射体, 通过弧形浮力单元与杆–球骨架构建近似球形散射界面, 采用透水式设计实现浮力自平衡, 在保持球形散射特性的同时提升工程可布放性。建立了声散射特性的分频段数值模型, 数值分析了声散射强度随声波频率、入射方位的变化规律, 揭示了路径差干涉现象形成机制。试验验证了所提建模方法及研究结论的准确性, 为声散射标准体的设计与优化提供了重要的理论支撑和试验依据。结果表明, 该仿球形散射体平均目标强度较同半径刚性球提高约3.87 dB, 同时表现出多散射体相干干涉特征, 可作为水下声学标校载体, 为水下无人系统试验标定、声散射特性分析与测试提供参考。
- 声散射 /
- 仿球形标准体 /
- 水下声学标校 /
- 水下无人系统 /
- 迭代物理声学方法
Abstract: To address the limitations of conventional underwater acoustic standard targets in terms of deployment difficulty and insufficient acoustic adaptability, a lightweight underwater icosahedral buoy-rod composite quasi-spherical scatterer structure is proposed. The structure forms an approximate spherical scattering interface using curved buoyant units and a rod–sphere framework, and a permeable design enables buoyancy self-balance and stable underwater positioning without additional ballast, which improves deployment feasibility while preserving spherical scattering characteristics. A frequency-segmented numerical model for acoustic scattering is established. The variations in scattering strength with acoustic frequency and incident direction are numerically analyzed, and the formation mechanism of path-difference interference is clarified. Experimental measurements are further carried out to validate the proposed modeling method and the corresponding conclusions, providing theoretical support and experimental evidence for the design and optimization of acoustic scattering standard targets. The results show that the average target strength of the proposed quasi-spherical scatterer is approximately 3.87 dB higher than that of a rigid sphere with the same radius. Meanwhile, the structure exhibits coherent interference characteristics caused by multiple scattering components. Therefore, it can serve as an underwater acoustic calibration target and provide a useful reference for experimental calibration, acoustic scattering analysis, and testing of underwater unmanned systems.
- acoustic scattering /
- quasi-spherical reference target /
- underwater acoustic calibration /
- unmanned underwater system /
- iterative physical acoustics method

HTML全文

图 1 球形声散射标准体

Figure 1. Spherical sound scattering standard

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图 2 仿球形散射体数值计算模型

Figure 2. A numerical model for simulating spherical scatterers

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图 3 定义物理场及求解域

Figure 3. Defining physical fields and solution domains

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图 4 目标强度数值解对比

Figure 4. Comparison of numerical solutions of target strength

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图 5 不同频率下组合结构目标强度指向性

Figure 5. Target strength directivity of composite structures at different frequencies

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图 6 组合结构与子结构目标强度指向性

Figure 6. Target strength directivity of composite structures and substructures

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图 7 组合结构与子结构目标强度对比

Figure 7. Comparison of target strength between composite structure and substructure

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图 8 迭代物理声学高频目标强度

Figure 8. High-frequency scattering results by iterative physical acoustics

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图 9 入射波方向投影距离差

Figure 9. Projection distance difference of incident wave direction

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图 10 组合结构与子结构目标强度对比

Figure 10. Comparison of target strength between composite structure and substructure

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图 11 实物模型图

Figure 11. Experimental model

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图 12 试验测量设备布放图

Figure 12. Layout of test and measurement equipment

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图 13 20~25 kHz匹配滤波试验结果

Figure 13. Matched filtering experimental results at 20~25 kHz

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图 14 xoz平面内试验与仿真目标强度结果对比

Figure 14. Comparison of target strength results between xoz in-plane test and simulation

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图 15 迭代物理声学与试验结果对比

Figure 15. Comparison between iterative physical acoustics and experimental results

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表 1 仿球形散射体结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of sphere like scatterers

结构参数数值/m

正二十面体棱长 1.000
顶点球半径 0.090
连接杆半径 0.018
连接杆净长 0.824

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表 2 结构声学参数

Table 2. Structural acoustic parameters

材料密度/(kg.m⁻³) 杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比

水 1 000 — —

顶点球体 7 850 200 0.30

连接杆架 7 850 200 0.30

浮体块 400 1 0.28

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