A Review on Interception and Processing Techniques of Active Acoustic Radiated Signals from Small Underwater Targets
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摘要: 随着水下无人平台与小型化装备的快速发展与应用, 对水下小目标的探测识别需求日益凸显。此类小目标通常具有目标强度低、个体尺度小及物理特征弱的特点, 传统主被动探测能力受限, 对导航、通信等小目标主动声辐射信号的截获处理成为其探测发现的新途径之一。文中聚焦水下小目标导航脉冲或通信信号截获检测技术研究现状, 首先分析了相关主动声信号的主要来源、信号形式; 随后从技术演进角度, 综述了非合作水声脉冲与通信信号截获检测、调制类型识别方法的国内外发展现状。现有研究整体呈现了由传统统计量与人工特征提取方法, 向深度学习端到端处理方法不断演进的过程。最后, 文中总结了该领域现有研究成果, 并从仿生隐蔽通信信号的截获识别、物理一致性的生成式信道建模以及非合作场景下的辐射源个体识别3个方面对未来发展方向进行了展望。Abstract: With the rapid development of underwater unmanned platforms and miniaturized equipment, the demand for detecting and recognizing small underwater targets has become increasingly significant. Such targets are characterized by low target strength, small size, and weak physical features, limiting the effectiveness of conventional active and passive detection methods. Therefore, the interception and processing of active acoustic radiation signals, such as navigation and communication signals, have emerged as one of the promising approaches for target detection. This paper reviews recent advances in interception and detection techniques for navigation pulse and communication signals of small underwater targets. The main sources and signal forms of relevant active acoustic signals are first analyzed, followed by a systematic review of non-cooperative signal interception, detection, and modulation recognition methods from a technological evolution perspective. Existing research shows an overall transition from traditional statistical and Manual feature extraction methods toward end-to-end deep learning-based processing approaches. Finally, this paper summarizes the existing research achievements in this field and provides an outlook on future research directions from three perspectives: interception and recognition of biomimetic underwater acoustic covert communication signals, physically consistent generative channel modeling, and specific emitter identification in non-cooperative scenarios.
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图 1 水声脉冲与通信信号截获检测技术分类图
Figure 1. Classification diagram of underwater acoustic pulse and communication signal interception and detection technology
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