利用稀疏收发阵列的小尺寸低成本高分辨二维侧扫声呐成像方法

赵婉春; 刘雄厚; 杨益新

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0060

利用稀疏收发阵列的小尺寸低成本高分辨二维侧扫声呐成像方法

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0060

赵婉春^{1, 2, 3},
刘雄厚^{1, 2, 3},
杨益新⁴

1.
西北工业大学航海学院, 陕西西安, 710072
2.
陕西水下信息技术重点实验室, 陕西西安, 710072
3.
汉江国家实验室, 武汉, 430061
4.
南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院, 江苏南京, 210094

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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-26
- 修回日期: 2026-05-20
- 录用日期: 2026-05-26
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-04

A Small-Sized Low-Cost and High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Side-Scan Sonar Imaging Method Using Sparse Transmit-Receive Arrays

ZHAO Wanchun^{1, 2, 3},
LIU Xionghou^{1, 2, 3},
YANG Yixin⁴

1.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an 710072, China
2.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi′an 710072, China
3.
School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094

摘要

摘要: 为克服已有二维侧扫声呐成像方法在提高角度分辨率时面临的基阵尺寸过大、阵元成本过高等问题, 提出一种小尺寸低成本高分辨二维侧扫声呐成像方法。该方法以大间距布阵的均匀直线阵为稀疏发射阵, 以多个满采样均匀直线阵为子阵组成稀疏接收阵, 利用乘积定理形成水平向满采样大孔径虚拟阵列。该虚拟阵列的阵元数为发射阵元数、接收子阵数与子阵阵元数之积, 孔径为发射阵列和接收阵列孔径之和, 从而以更小尺寸、更少阵元获得大孔径等效阵列。以所设计的阵形为基础, 文中方法采用和传统二维侧扫声呐成像方法相同的波形和法向单波束侧扫成像模式。数值仿真结果表明: 与传统方法(240发/240收, 信号中心频率为450 kHz)相比, 文中方法阵列尺寸由0.40 m缩减至0.33 m, 总阵元数由480减至40, 水平向-3 dB波束宽度由0.41°缩小至0.25°, 角度分辨率提升约40%。证明文中方法可使用更小阵列尺寸、更少阵元数获得更高成像分辨率。
- 侧扫声呐 /
- 稀疏收发阵列 /
- 虚拟孔径合成 /
- 高分辨成像 /
- 小尺寸声呐
Abstract: To overcome the problems of excessively large array aperture and high element cost when improving angular resolution in existing two-dimensional side-scan sonar imaging methods, this paper proposes a small-size, low-cost, high-resolution two-dimensional side-scan sonar imaging method. The proposed method uses a uniformly spaced linear array with large inter-element spacing as a sparse transmitting array and multiple uniformly spaced linear arrays with full sampling as subarrays to form a sparse receiving array. By utilizing the product theorem, a horizontally fully-sampled large-aperture virtual array is formed. The number of elements in this virtual array equals the product of the number of transmitting elements, the number of receiving subarrays, and the number of elements per subarray, while the aperture is the sum of the transmitting array aperture and the receiving array aperture. Thus, a large-aperture equivalent array is achieved with smaller size and fewer elements. Based on the designed array configuration, the proposed method adopts the same waveform and normal-direction single-beam side-scan imaging mode as traditional two-dimensional side-scan sonar imaging methods. Numerical simulations demonstrate that compared with the traditional method (240 transmitting elements / 240 receiving elements, center frequency of 450 kHz), the proposed method reduces the array size from 0.40 m to 0.33 m, decreases the total number of elements from 480 to 40, narrows the horizontal -3 dB beamwidth from 0.41° to 0.25°, and improves the angular resolution by approximately 40%. The proposed method achieves higher imaging resolution with smaller array size and fewer elements.
- side-scan sonar /
- sparse transmit-receive array /
- virtual aperture synthesis /
- high-resolution imaging /
- small-sized sonar

HTML全文

图 1 传统侧扫声呐和文中稀疏收发阵列构型对比

Figure 1. Comparison of array configurations between the traditional side-scan sonar and the proposed sparse transmit-receive array

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图 2 文中二维侧扫声呐成像方法流程框图

Figure 2. Block diagram of the proposed 2D side-scan sonar imaging method

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图 3 传统阵列与文中方法阵列及合成虚拟阵列仿真构型

Figure 3. Simulated configurations of the traditional array, the proposed array and the synthesized virtual array

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图 4 单亮点目标侧扫成像结果对比

Figure 4. Comparison of side-scan imaging results for a single highlight target

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图 5 双亮点目标二维侧扫成像结果对比

Figure 5. Comparison of 2D side-scan imaging results for double highlight targets

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图 6 球体目标侧扫成像结果对比

Figure 6. Comparison of side-scan imaging results for a spherical target

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图 7 轴线平行航行方向的圆柱体目标侧扫成像结果对比

Figure 7. Comparison of side-scan sonar imaging results for a cylinder with its axis parallel to the sailing direction

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图 8 轴线与航行方向成45°的圆柱体目标侧扫成像结果对比

Figure 8. Comparision of side-scan sonar imaging results for a cylinder with its axis at 45° to the sailing direction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 传统方法与文中方法阵列参数及成像性能对比

Table 1. Comparison of array parameters and imaging performance between the traditional method and the proposed method

方法	阵列尺寸/m	阵元数量		成像结果
方法	阵列尺寸/m	发射阵元数	接收阵元数	−3 dB波束宽度/(°)	第一旁瓣级/dB	积分旁瓣级/dB
传统方法	0.40	240	240	0.41	-25.01	9.43
文中方法	0.33	20	2*10=20	0.25	-12.84	5.69
注: 积分旁瓣级为主瓣区域总能量与旁瓣区域总能量之比^[19]。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同目标成像结果SSIM对比

Table 2. Comparison of SSIM for imaging results of different targets

方法	球体	圆柱体
方法	球体	与航行方向平行	与航行方向夹角45°
传统方法	0.8654	0.8456	0.8293
文中方法	0.8976	0.8734	0. 8658

下载: 导出CSV

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