Analysis of Damage Effectiveness for Underwater Vehicles Equipped with Terminal Guidance Mechanism
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摘要: 在水下精准高效毁伤技术发展背景下, 对机动目标的毁伤效能评估需要更为全面地考量制导、引信及战斗部等多分系统参数综合作用。文中提出了一种引入末制导机制的水下机动武器毁伤效能评估方法。该方法通过回溯末制导机制, 并引入控制与导引2类误差模型, 对随机弹道进行蒙特卡洛抽样以获取炸点位置。选取3种典型制导律构建末弹道模型, 实现机动条件下的毁伤效能分析。算例分析表明, 相比于直接瞄准法, 滑模制导律打击机动目标的重度毁伤概率更高, 文中还以比例引导法打击蛇行目标为例, 分析了多项耦合参数对最终毁伤效能的影响, 结果表明, 为实现稳定高效的毁伤, 弹药需达2~3倍目标速度、1.5以上的导引系数, 较为理想的引信启动距离为2.5~4 m, 较为理想的延迟时间为0.4s以下。文中方法综合考虑制导-引信-战斗部多分系统参数, 能够更准确全面地反映机动条件下参数对毁伤结果的影响, 可为水下武器的优化设计与作战运用提供参考。Abstract: Under the background of the development of underwater precise and efficient damage technology, the damage effectiveness assessment for mobile targets needs to more comprehensively consider the integrated effects of multiple subsystem parameters such as guidance, fuze, and warhead. This paper proposes a damage effectiveness assessment method for underwater mobile weapons that introduces a terminal guidance mechanism. This method retrospectively analyzes the terminal guidance mechanism, introduces two types of error models for control and guidance, and performs Monte Carlo sampling on random trajectories to obtain the explosion point locations. The paper adopts three typical guidance laws, establishes a terminal trajectory model, and thereby achieves damage effectiveness analysis under mobile conditions. Case study analysis shows that compared to the direct aiming method, the sliding mode guidance law has a higher probability of severe damage when striking mobile targets. Taking the proportional navigation method striking a serpentine target as an example, the influence of multiple coupled parameters on the final damage effectiveness is analyzed. The results indicate that to achieve stable and efficient damage, the ammunition needs to reach 2 to 3 times the target speed, a guidance coefficient above 1.5, a relatively ideal fuze activation distance of 2.5m to 4m, and a relatively ideal delay time below 0.4s. This method can comprehensively consider the parameters of multiple subsystems such as guidance, fuze, and warhead, and can more accurately and comprehensively reflect the influence of parameters on damage results under mobile conditions, providing references for the optimal design and operational application of underwater weapons.
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Key words:
- Damage Effectiveness Evaluation /
- Terminal Guidance /
- Underwater Weapons
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图 1 文中方法设计思想示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the design idea of the method in this paper
图 11 单次抽样下的弹-目过程
Figure 11. Projectile-Target Rendezvous Process under Single Sampling
图 13 不同蒙特卡洛抽样次数下的各类毁伤概率计算结果
Figure 13. Calculation results of various damage probabilities under different Monte Carlo sampling runs
图 14 不同制导方法-机动方式组合下目标毁伤计算结果
Figure 14. Target damage calculation results under different guidance method-maneuver mode combinations
图 15 目标不同速度-蛇行半径组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 15. Probability of severe damage under different target velocity-weaving radius parameter combinations
图 16 目标不同速度-蛇行半视角组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 16. Probability of severe damage under different target velocity-weaving half-angle parameter combinations
图 17 目标不同速度-轨迹基准方向组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 17. Probability of severe damage under different target velocity-trajectory baseline direction parameter combinations
图 18 不同航行器速度-装药当量组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 18. Probability of severe damage under different combinations of vehicles equipped velocity and explosive equivalent
图 19 不同航行器速度-导引系数组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 19. Probability of severe damage under different combinations of vehicles equipped velocity and guidance coefficient
图 20 不同航行器速度-初始指向组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 20. Probability of severe damage under different combinations of vehicles equipped velocity and initial line of sight
图 21 不同航行器速度-导引误差距离系数(角度方向)组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 21. Probability of severe damage under different combinations of vehicles equipped velocity and guidance miss distance coefficient
图 22 不同引信探测半锥角-启动距离组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 22. Probability of severe damage under different combinations of fuze detection half-cone angle and initiation distance
图 23 不同引信探测半锥角-启动距离组合下轻度以上毁伤概率
Figure 23. Probability of light damage and above under different combinations of fuze detection half-cone angle and initiation distance
图 24 不同引信探测半锥角-延时时间组合下重度毁伤概率
Figure 24. Probability of severe damage under different combinations of fuze detection half-cone angle and delay time
图 25 不同引信探测半锥角-延时时间组合下轻度以上毁伤概率
Figure 25. Probability of light damage and above under different combinations of fuze detection half-cone angle and delay time
表 1 算例弹目交会初始参数
Table 1. Initial parameters for the rendezvous numerical example
目标 航行器 初始位置/m (0, 500, 50) (0, 0, 0) 初始航向角/° 由机动方式确定 90 速度/m·s−1 10 25 
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表 2 目标运动轨迹参数
Table 2. Parameters of the target trajectory
目标机动方式 参数 值 直线 初始航向角/° 0 环行 轨迹圆心 (0, 550, 50) 蛇行 初始航向角/° 30 轨迹基准方向/° 0 蛇行半视角/° 30 蛇行半径/m 50
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表 3 航行器制导律参数
Table 3. Parameters of the vehicle guidance law
航行器制导律 参数 值 直接瞄准法 无 无 比例导引法 导引比例系数 4 滑模制导律 导引比例系数 4 趋近律系数 3 趋近律系数 2 趋近律可调参数 0.5 水平期望约束落角 60
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表 4 部分初始仿真参数
Table 4. Partial initial simulation parameters
参数类型 参数名 参数值 仿真与总体参数 仿真持续时间/s 200 远区仿真时间步长/s 0.05 近区仿真时间步长/s 0.005 航行器制导瞄准点 目标中心 航行器平面最大法向过载 15 探测盲区距离/m 8 误差参数 远区位置控制误差标准差/m 0.025 远区角度控制误差标准差/(°) 0.5 近区位置控制误差标准差/m 0.0025 近区角度控制误差标准差/(°) 0.5 角度方向导引误差距离系数 0.001 距离方向导引误差距离系数 0.01 引信参数 引信启动距离/m 4 引信启动半锥角/(°) 25 引信延时时间/s 0.05
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表 5 等效舱段长度与毁伤等级判据
Table 5. Criteria for compartment damage levels
舱段 长度/m 重度毁伤判据 中度毁伤判据 轻度毁伤判据 制导舱段 0.75 1.3 0.66 0.2 战斗部舱段 1.15 1.2 0.8 0.35 控制舱段 0.95 1.3 0.66 0.2 燃料舱段 1.95 1 0.5 0.25 动力舱段 0.8 1.3 0.66 0.3
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表 6 目标毁伤等级定义
Table 6. Definition of target damage levels
毁伤等级 情况描述 重度毁伤 重创, 功能丧失, 失去威胁 中度毁伤 受损, 功能下降, 威胁较小 轻度毁伤 轻伤, 功能受损, 威胁较大
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