Cross-media Oblique Ice-Breaking Load and Motion Characteristics of Water-Exiting Vehicles
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摘要: 现有针对具备出水破冰能力航行体的研究多聚焦于垂直破冰, 缺乏探讨倾斜角度对破冰性能的影响。为此, 文中基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合算法建立了航行体倾斜出水破冰数值模型, 系统分析了倾斜角度、初速度及冰层厚度对航行体载荷及运动特性的影响规律。结果表明: 在破冰初期, 航行体尖锥形头部撞击冰层导致冰层局部产生剧烈的应力集中, 其顶部率先萌生径向裂纹并从中部开始破碎失效; 航行体所受合力中心偏离轴线方向, 导致其沿初始倾斜方向偏转加剧, 且该趋势随初速度和冰厚增大愈加明显; 在随后穿冰过程中, 倾斜角度θ=10°工况低速和厚冰条件下, 航行体姿态呈“偏转-回正”模式; 高速和薄冰条件下, 姿态则呈“偏转-直航”模式。研究结果可为极地跨介质航行体设计发展提供参考。Abstract: Most existing studies on vehicles with water-exit ice-breaking capabilities primarily focus on vertical ice-breaking, lacking investigations into the influence of oblique angles on ice-breaking performance. Therefore, a numerical model for the oblique water-exit and ice-breaking process of a vehicle was built based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE) fluid-solid coupling algorithm. The effects of the oblique angle, initial velocity, and ice thickness on the load and motion characteristics of the vehicle were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that during the initial ice-breaking stage, the impact of the vehicle’s conical head induces intense local stress concentration in the ice. This leads to the early initiation of radial cracks at the top surface, followed by failure originating from the center. The center of the resultant force on the vehicle deviates from its axis, causing an exacerbated deflection along the initial oblique direction. Additionally, this trend becomes more pronounced as the initial velocity and ice thickness increase. During the subsequent ice-breaking process, in low velocity and thick ice conditions for the θ=10° case, the vehicle’s attitude follows a “deflection-recovery” pattern. In high velocity and thin ice conditions, it transitions to a “deflection-steady flight” pattern. The research findings provide reference for the design and development of polar cross-media vehicles.
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图 5 圆柱位移和速度随时间变化曲线
Figure 5. Curves of cylinder displacement and velocity changing with time
图 11 不同倾斜角度下航行体载荷和加速度变化曲线
Figure 11. Variation curves of vehicle load and acceleration under different oblique angles
图 12 不同倾斜角度条件下等效应力云图
Figure 12. Equivalent stress contours under different oblique angles
图 13 破冰过程航行体倾斜角度变化曲线
Figure 13. Variation curves of the vehicle’s oblique angle during the ice-breaking process
图 14 不同初速度下航行体载荷和加速度变化曲线
Figure 14. Variation curves of load and acceleration under different initial velocities
图 15 破冰过程航行体倾斜角度变化曲线
Figure 15. Variation curves of the vehicle’s oblique angles during the ice-breaking process
图 16 不同初速度下x方向力矩变化曲线
Figure 16. Variation curves of x-direction moment at different initial velocities
图 17 不同冰厚下航行体载荷和加速度变化曲线
Figure 17. Variation curves of vehicle load and acceleration under different ice thicknesses
图 18 破冰过程航行体倾斜角度变化曲线
Figure 18. Variation curves of the vehicle’s oblique angle during the ice-breaking process
表 1 航行体模型参数
Table 1. Parameters of vehicle
参数 规格 密度/(kg/m3) 2700 弹性模量/GPa 69 屈服强度/MPa 270 泊松比 0.33 单元类型 *SECTION_SHELL 材料模型 *MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC 
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表 2 冰模型参数
Table 2. Parameters of ice
参数 规格 密度/(kg/m3) 910 剪切模量/GPa 2.2 屈服应力/MPa 2.12 塑性硬化模量/GPa 4.26 体积模量/GPa 5.26 塑性失效应变 0.35 截断压力/MPa −4 单元类型 *SECTION_SOLID 材料模型 *MAT_ISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_FAILURE
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表 3 水模型参数
Table 3. Parameters of water
参数 规格 密度/(kg/m3) 1000 单元类型 *SECTION_SOLID 材料模型 *MAT_NULL 状态方程 *EOS_GRUNEISEN
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表 4 空气模型参数
Table 4. Parameters of air
参数 规格 密度/(kg/m3) 1.25 单元类型 *SECTION_SOLID 材料模型 *MAT_NULL 状态方程 *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL
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表 5 不同工况计算条件
Table 5. Calculation conditions of different working cases
工况 倾斜角度/(°) 初速度/(m·s−1) 冰厚/(mm) 1 0 40 40 2 5 40 40 3 10 40 40 4 15 40 40 5 10 20 40 6 10 25 40 7 10 30 40 8 10 40 20 9 10 40 30 10 10 40 50
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表 6 圆柱材料参数
Table 6. Parameters of cylinder
参数 规格 密度/(kg/m3) 7850 弹性模量/GPa 211 屈服强度/MPa 355 泊松比 0.3 单元类型 *SECTION_SOLID 材料模型 *MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC
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