自主水下航行器能源动力系统技术发展综述

丰帅; 柳伟杰; 杨健; 翁卫国

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0169

自主水下航行器能源动力系统技术发展综述

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0169

丰帅^{1, 2,},
柳伟杰^{1, 2, 3, ,},
杨健^2,,
翁卫国^3,

1.
浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州, 310027
2.
浙江大学能源工程学院, 浙江杭州, 310027
3.
浙江大学嘉兴研究院, 浙江嘉兴, 314000

详细信息

作者简介:
丰帅：丰　帅(2002-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为水下无人系统低碳燃料利用

通讯作者:
柳伟杰(1989-), 男, 研究员、博导, 主要研究方向为绿色燃料利用.

中图分类号: TJ630.32; U674.7
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- 文章访问数: 1170
- HTML全文浏览量: 484
- PDF下载量: 180
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-19
- 修回日期: 2026-01-08
- 录用日期: 2026-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-25

A Review of Energy Power System Technology Development for Autonomous Undersea Vehicles

FENG Shuai^{1, 2
,},
LIU Weijie^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
YANG Jian^2
,,
WENG Weiguo^3
,

1.
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2.
College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3.
Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China

摘要

摘要: 自主水下航行器(AUV)在海洋工程、海洋科考和军事应用中发挥着重要作用。能源动力系统作为AUV的核心分系统之一, 其性能直接影响AUV的续航时间、作业范围和作业效率。文中从外形尺寸、下潜深度和作业用途对国内外AUV进行了分类, 系统分析了各类AUV能源动力系统的技术特点和工程应用现状, 重点探讨了高能量密度电池技术、水下无线充电技术、高密度储氢/储氧技术、电池管理技术等能源动力关键技术, 对AUV能源动力技术发展方向进行了展望, 以期为AUV能源动力系统的发展提供有益参考。
- 自主水下航行器 /
- 动力电池 /
- 燃料电池 /
- 高密度储氢/储氧技术
Abstract: Autonomous undersea vehicles(AUVs) play an important role in ocean engineering, marine scientific exploration, and military operations. The energy and power system is one of the core subsystems of AUVs, and its performance directly influences the vehicle’s endurance, operational range, and operational efficiency. AUVs were classified from the perspectives of overall dimension, diving depth and operation scenarios, and the technical characteristics and engineering application status of energy and power systems for various AUVs were systematically analyzed. The emphasis was placed on key energy and power technologies, including high-energy-density battery technology, underwater wireless charging methods, high-density hydrogen/oxygen storage technology, and battery management technology. Finally, the development directions of AUV energy and power technologies were prospected to provide valuable insights for the development of AUV energy and power systems.
- autonomous undersea vehicle /
- power battery /
- fuel cell /
- high-density hydrogen/oxygen storage technology

HTML全文

图 1 典型AUV截面尺寸、工作深度及续航时间

Figure 1. Cross-section dimensions, operating depths and endurance times of typical AUVs

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图 2 AUV多功能应用场景

Figure 2. Multifunctional application scene of AUV

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图 3 海洋工程作业型AUV

Figure 3. Marine engineering operational AUVs

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图 4 海洋科考型AUV

Figure 4. Marine scientific investigation type AUVs

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图 5 军事应用型AUV

Figure 5. Military AUVs

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图 6 AUV能源动力系统分类

Figure 6. Energy power system classification of AUV

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图 7 Urashima AUV的研制

Figure 7. The development of Urashima AUV

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图 8 Hugin系列AUV及其搭载的半燃料电池系统

Figure 8. Hugin series AUVs and their semi-fuel cell systems

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图 9 海洋新能源AUV

Figure 9. AUVs driven by marine new energy

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图 10 AUV动力电池能量密度对比

Figure 10. Energy density comparison of AUV power batteries

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图 11 锂硫电池发展简要时间表和代表性设计策略

注: DOL-DME: 二氧戊环-乙二醇二甲醚; LiNO₃: 硝酸锂; TiO₂: 二氧化钛; MOF: 金属有机框架; GO: 氧化石墨烯; MoS₂: 二硫化钼; SPAN: 硫化聚丙烯腈; CMK-3: 有序介孔碳; Mxene: 过渡金属碳(氮)化物二维材料。

Figure 11. Brief timeline and representative design strategies for lithium-sulfur battery development

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图 12 AUV水下充电平台及无线充电磁耦合装置

Figure 12. Underwater charging platforms and wireless charging magnetic coupling devices for AUVs

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图 13 Sierra Lobo公司低温液体储存装置

Figure 13. Sierra Lobo cryogenic liquid storage unit

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表 1 AUV传统动力电池特性及典型平台

Table 1. Characteristics of traditional power batteries used in AUVs and typical platforms

电池类型	质量能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	体积能量密度 /(Wh/L)	循环周期/次	典型AUV	所属国别
铅酸电池	30~80	65~95	200~300	Autosub	英国
				MTV	美国
				REMUS-100	美国
银锌电池	100~300	150~300	50~100	CR-01	中国
				CR-02	中国
				Odyssey	美国
				Theseus	加拿大
锂离子电池	120~210	250~350	500~1000	“潜龙”一号	中国
				Bluefin-12	美国
				Alister 3000	法国
				LMRS	美国

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表 2 不同燃料电池工作性能参数

Table 2. Operating performance parameters of different fuel cells

参数	工作温度/℃	电转化效率/%	燃料	氧化剂	功率密度/(kW·m⁻³)	循环寿命/h
AFC	60~250	60~70	氢气	氧气	≈1.00	8 000
PAFC	150~210	40~50	氢气	氧气	0.80~1.90	>50 000
PEMFC	60~110	40~60	氢气	氧气	3.80~6.50	2 000~3 000
MCFC	500~700	50~60	甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳	氧气	1.50~2.60	7 000~8 000
SOFC	500~1 000	40~60	甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳	氧气	4.20~19.25	1 000
DMFC	70~130	25~40	甲醇	氧气	≈0.60	1 000~4 500

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