自主水下航行器能源动力技术发展综述

丰帅; 柳伟杰; 杨健; 翁卫国

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0169

自主水下航行器能源动力技术发展综述

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0169

丰帅^{1, 2,},
柳伟杰^{1, 2, 3,},
杨健^2,,
翁卫国^3,

1.
浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310027
2.
浙江大学能源工程学院, 浙江杭州, 310027
3.
浙江大学嘉兴研究院, 浙江嘉兴, 314000

详细信息

作者简介:
丰帅：丰　帅(2002-), 男, 硕士研究生在读, 主要研究方向为水下无人系统低碳燃料利用

中图分类号: TJ630.32; U674.7
计量
- 文章访问数: 29
- HTML全文浏览量: 18
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-19
- 修回日期: 2026-01-08
- 录用日期: 2026-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-25

A Review of Energy and Propulsion Technology Development for Autonomous Undersea Vehicles

FENG Shuai^{1, 2
,},
LIU Weijie^{1, 2, 3
,},
YANG Jian^2
,,
WENG Weiguo^3
,

1.
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2.
College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3.
Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China

摘要

摘要: 自主水下航行器(AUV)在海洋工程、海洋科考和军事应用中发挥着重要作用。能源动力系统是AUV的核心系统之一, 其性能直接影响AUV续航时间、作业范围和作业效率。文中从不同维度对国内外AUV进行了分类, 分析了AUV能源动力系统的主要特征和应用情况, 重点探讨了AUV高能量密度电池技术、水下充电技术、高密度储氢/储氧技术、电池管理技术等能源动力关键技术, 对AUV能源动力技术发展方向进行了展望, 以期为AUV能源动力系统的发展提供有益参考。
- 自主水下航行器 /
- 动力电池 /
- 燃料电池 /
- 高密度储氢/储氧技术
Abstract: Autonomous undersea vehicles(AUVs) play a pivotal role in ocean engineering, marine scientific exploration, and military operations. Among their core subsystems, the energy and power system is particularly critical, as its performance directly determines the vehicle’s endurance, operational range, and overall efficiency. This study classifies AUVs from multiple perspectives and examines the principal characteristics and applications of their energy and power systems. Particular emphasis is placed on key enabling technologies, including high-energy-density battery systems, underwater charging methods, high-density hydrogen and oxygen storage, and advanced battery management. Finally, the paper outlines prospective directions for energy and power technologies in AUVs, with the aim of providing valuable insights for the future development of their energy systems.
- autonomous undersea vehicles /
- power batteries /
- fuel cells /
- high-density hydrogen/oxygen storage technology

HTML全文

图 1 典型AUV截面尺寸分类、工作深度及续航时间

Figure 1. Typical AUV cross-section dimensions, operating depth and endurance time

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图 2 AUV多功能应用场景

Figure 2. AUV multifunctional application scene

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图 3 AUV海洋工程作业

Figure 3. Marine engineering operations of AUVs

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图 4 AUV海洋监测作业

Figure 4. Ocean monitoring operations of AUVs

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图 5 军用型AUV

Figure 5. Military AUV

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图 6 AUV能源动力系统分类

Figure 6. AUV energy power system classification

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图 7 Urashima的研制

Figure 7. The development of Urashima

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图 8 Hugin系列AUV及其搭载的半燃料电池系统

Figure 8. Hugin series AUVs and their semi fuel cell systems

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图 9 新能源AUV

Figure 9. New energy AUV

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图 10 AUV动力电池能量密度比较

Figure 10. Energy density comparison of AUV power batteries

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图 11 新型高能量密度电池技术发展与研究方向

Figure 11. Development and research directions of emerging high-energy-density battery technologies

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图 12 AUV水下充电平台及无线充电磁耦合装置

Figure 12. Underwater charging platforms and wireless charging magnetic coupling devices for AUVs

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图 13 Sierra Lobo公司低温液体储存装置

Figure 13. Sierra Lobo cryogenic liquid storage unit

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表 1 AUV使用的传统动力电池特性及典型平台

Table 1. Characteristics of traditional power batteries used in AUVs and typical platforms

电池类型	质量能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	体积能量密度 /(Wh/L)	循环周期/次	典型AUV	所属国别
铅酸电池	30~80	65~95	200~300	探索者号	中国
				MTV	美国
				REMUS-100	美国
银锌电池	100~300	150~300	50~100	CR-01	中国
				CR-02	中国
				Odyssey	美国
				Theseus	加拿大
锂离子电池	120~210	250~350	500~1000	潜龙一号	中国
				Bluefin-12	美国
				Alister 3000	法国
				LMRS	美国

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表 2 不同燃料电池的工作特性

Table 2. Operating characteristics of different fuel cells

特性	AFC	PAFC	PEMFC	MCFC	SOFC	DMFC
工作温度/℃	60~250	150~210	60~110	500-~700	500~1 000	70~130
电转化效率/%	60~70	40~50	40~60	50~60	40~60	25~40
燃料	氢气	氢气	氢气	甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳	甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳	甲醇
氧化剂	氧气	氧气	氧气	氧气	氧气	氧气
功率密度 /(kW·m⁻³)	≈1	0.8~1.9	3.8~6.5	1.5~2.6	4.20~19.25	≈0.6
循环寿命/h	8 000	>50 000	2 000~3 000	7 000~8 000	1 000	1 000~4 500

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