Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Underwater Vehicles Under the Flow Disturbance Condition of Submarine
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摘要: 文中采用嵌套网格技术和运动参考系相结合的方法, 建立了水下航行器在母艇绕流条件下的外流场数值模型, 采用文献标模试验结果验证了数值方法的合理性, 研究了母艇绕流对航行器外流场及流体动力特性的影响。结果表明, 航行器位于母艇前侧方时受到的影响最大, 航行器的阻力系数、侧向力系数、偏航力矩系数表现出非线性; 随着航行器与母艇间距的增加母艇绕流的影响逐渐减弱, 当间距大于1.75倍母艇直径时该影响可忽略; 随着母艇速度增加, 航行器流体动力参数受母艇绕流的影响增大。研究结果可为水下航行器在母艇附近航行的弹道预测提供参考。Abstract: A numerical model of an underwater vehicle in the flow field of the submarine is established by combining the overset grid technology and the moving reference frame. The rationality of the numerical method is verified by comparing the simulation results with the standard model test data reported in the literature. The effects of the flow around the submarine on the external flow field and hydrodynamic characteristics of the vehicle are investigated. The results show that the underwater vehicle is most significantly affected by the flow around the submarine when it is located at the front side of the submarine, and the drag coefficient, lateral force coefficient, and yaw moment coefficient of the vehicle exhibit nonlinear characteristics. As the distance between the vehicle and the submarine increases, the influence of the flow around the submarine on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the underwater vehicle gradually weakens, and the influence can be neglected when the distance is greater than 1.75 times the diameter of the submarine. With the increase in the speed of the submarine, the hydrodynamic parameters of the vehicle are more strongly affected by the flow around the submarine. The research results can provide a reference can provide a reference for the prediction of launching initial trajectory of underwater vehicles.
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图 1 水下航行器与母艇相对位置示意
Figure 1. Relative position between the undersea vehicle and the submarine
图 2 嵌套域与背景域的相对位置关系
Figure 2. Relative position relationship between nested domain and background domain
图 3 水下航行器和母艇的流场计算域
Figure 3. Computational domain of the flow field for the underwater vehicle and submarine
图 6 不同位置工况水下航行器外流场压力分布
Figure 6. Pressure distribution of the flow field of the underwater vehicle under different position conditions
图 7 水下航行器在不同位置的流体动力系数及头部驻点偏移情况
Figure 7. Hydrodynamic coefficients and stagnation point offset of the underwater vehicle at different positions
图 8 Δd=0.7D0航行器在位置A处不同侧滑角的压力分布
Figure 8. Pressure distribution of the underwater vehicle at position A under different sideslip angles (Δd = 0.7D0)
图 9 水下航行器在位置A处不同侧滑角的流体动力系数和驻点偏移量
Figure 9. Hydrodynamic coefficients and stagnation point offset at position A under different sideslip angles
图 10 不同艇速工况航行器外流场压力分布
Figure 10. Pressure distribution of the vehicle's external flow field under different submarine speed conditions
图 11 不同艇速工况水下航行器在位置A处的流体动力特性及驻点偏移量
Figure 11. Hydrodynamic characteristics and stagnation point offset at position A under different submarine speed
表 1 MK46流体动力系数的仿真和试验结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of simulation and experimental results of hydrodynamic coefficients for MK 46
项目 攻角/(°) 试验值 仿真值 相对偏差/% 阻力系数 0 0.094 9 0.097 0 2.21 1 0.094 9 0.097 3 2.53 2 0.094 9 0.097 7 2.95 升力系数 0 0 0 — 1 0.038 5 0.039 8 3.38 2 0.077 0 0.079 5 3.25 
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