Modeling and Analysis of Underwater Vehicles Wake-Induced Electromagnetic Fields and Internal Wave Characteristics in a Stratified Ocean
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摘要: 为应对水下航行器隐蔽性威胁, 满足非声探测需求, 文中聚焦密度分层海洋环境中航行器尾流的影响机制。现有研究多基于均匀流体假设, 忽略分层现象导致的内波效应。文中创新性建立分层流体中水下航行器尾流速度场数学模型, 将尾流分解为表面波与内波分量线性叠加, 并推导尾流感应电磁场表达式。通过仿真分析航行器在潜深10~50 m工况下的感应磁场的空间分布、衰减规律以及各分量贡献占比。结果表明, 分层环境下, 表面波感应磁场峰值较大(近场峰值0.15 nT), 但随传播距离衰减迅速, 内波感应磁场峰值小(近场峰值0.006 nT)但较为稳定, 衰减缓慢, 在远场范围为总感应磁场主导; 同时, 随着潜深增加, 内波贡献比例显著增大(潜深50 m时近场贡献84.9％)。研究表明内波作为远场探测的关键物理量, 为发展对水下航行器进行非声探测技术提供新的理论依据。Abstract: To counter the threat of underwater vehicle stealth and meet the demand for non-acoustic detection, this study investigates the influence mechanism of underwater vehicle wakes in density-stratified ocean environments. Most existing studies are based on the uniform fluid assumption, neglecting the effects of internal waves induced by stratification. This paper establishes a novel mathematical model for the velocity field of an underwater vehicle wake in a stratified fluid, decomposing the wake into a linear superposition of surface wave and internal wave components. Based on electromagnetic induction theory, the expression for the induced electromagnetic field is derived. Through numerical simulations, the spatial distribution, attenuation patterns, and component contributions of the induced magnetic field are analyzed for underwater vehicles at depths ranging from 10 m to 50 m. The results indicate that in a stratified environment, the surface wave-induced magnetic field has a high peak value (0.15 nT in the near-field) but decays rapidly with distance. In contrast, the internal wave-induced magnetic field has a lower peak value (0.006 nT in the near-field) but is more stable and decays slowly, becoming dominant in the far-field. Furthermore, as the submergence depth increases, the contribution of the internal wave component grows significantly (reaching 84.9% in the near-field at a depth of 50 m). This study reveals, from both theoretical and simulation perspectives, that internal waves are the key physical mechanism for far-field detection, providing a new theoretical basis for developing non-acoustic detection technologies for underwater vehicles.
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图 1 水下航行器运动环境示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the motion environment of underwater vehicles
图 2 潜深10m水下航行器尾流感应磁场强度分布
Figure 2. Distribution of induced magnetic field intensity of wake of underwater vehicle at submergence depth of 10 m
图 3 潜深10m总感应电场强度分布
Figure 3. Distribution of total induced electric field intensity at submergence depth of 10 m
图 4 不同潜深总感应电场对比
Figure 4. Comparison of total induced electric field at different depths
图 5 表面波与磁场感应磁场随深度衰减图
Figure 5. Attenuation of surface wave and magnetic field induced magnetic field with depth
表 1 仿真参数设置
Table 1. Simulation Parameters
名称 参数 单位 水下航行器长度 100 m 水下航行器体积 7160 $ {\mathrm{m}}^{3} $ 速度 10 m/s 海水电导率 5 S/m 地磁恒定强度 $ 5\times {10}^{4} $ nT 浮力频率 0.02 rad/s 磁偏角$ \gamma $ 0 degree 磁倾角Ι 60 degree 
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表 2 内波对总磁场贡献比例
Table 2. Contribution ratio of internal waves to total magnetic field
潜深/m 1 km处内波贡献比例/% 4 km处内波贡献比例/% 10 21.7 12.2 30 55 44.4 50 84.9 79.8
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