深水海管铺设监测新模式及水下无线光通信关键技术研究

李子青; 何宁; 陈建义; 魏佳广; 冯晓伟; 贺文选; 廖佩璇; 谢琛华

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0159

深水海管铺设监测新模式及水下无线光通信关键技术研究

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0159

1.
中国石油大学机械与储运工程学院北京, 102249
2.
海洋石油工程股份有限公司天津, 300461
3.
中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所陕西西安, 710119

基金项目: 新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项项目资助项目资助(2024ZD14033).

详细信息

作者简介:
李子青(1998), 男, 在读博士, 主要研究方向为深海水下技术装备研究与智慧海洋工程研究

中图分类号: TJ630.34;U674.941
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- 文章访问数: 14
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-26
- 修回日期: 2025-12-24
- 录用日期: 2026-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-16

Monitoring Paradigm for Deepwater Subsea Pipeline Laying and Key Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Technologies

1.
College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2.
Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300461, China
3.
Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China

摘要

摘要: 针对深水海管铺设着泥点(TDP)监测中传统有线作业成本高昂、多船协同复杂及实时性差等瓶颈, 构建了基于无人船(USV)—中继器(TMS)—自主/遥控水下机器人(ARV)的一体化无缆化监测体系, 提出一种适配深水垂向链路的水下无线光通信(UWOC)方案。针对深水异质信道光学参数随深度分层变化的特性, 建立了波长与深度耦合的垂向信道模型, 采用含HG相函数的蒙特卡洛光子追迹方法替代传统常参透过率近似, 实现了物理特性向工程参数的精准映射。在系统实现方面, 硬件采用蓝/绿LED阵列二次配光与大口径光电倍增管(PMT)组合, 构建了高冗余度的“大角度发射+宽视场接收”架构; 软件层面引入基于滑动窗口统计的自适应阈值与自动增益控制(CFAR+AGC), 实现了发射功率与接收灵敏度的动态协同, 显著降低了系统对高精度对准(PAT)的依赖。水池验证了系统在6~20 Mbps速率下的对准容差与稳定性; 远海试验实现约17 m稳定通信及6.25 Mbps无误码视频回传, 验证了系统在动态平台扰动与环境光波动下的工程稳健性。研究证明, 该方案具备良好的现场迁移性, 可在无需增配多功能支援船(MSV)的前提下支撑着泥点(TDP)持续监测, 为我国深水油气装备的智能化与轻量化作业提供了可靠技术路径。
- 深水海管铺设 /
- 着泥点监测 /
- 水下无线光通信 /
- 蒙特卡洛光子追迹 /
- 准全向LED阵列
Abstract: To address the high multi-vessel coordination cost, limited timeliness, and stringent constraints of tethered operations in near-bottom monitoring of the touchdown point(TDP) during deepwater pipeline laying, an integrated monitoring architecture comprising an unmanned surface vehicle(USV), a towed/telemetry module(TMS), and an autonomous/remote underwater vehicle(ARV) is developed, together with a vertical underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC) scheme. A vertical UWOC approach based on quasi-omnidirectional LED array emission and adaptive receive-threshold control is proposed and evaluated. First, depth-dependent absorption and scattering attenuation coefficients are established from the chlorophyll concentration profile; under Lambertian, quasi-omnidirectional LED-array boundary conditions, Monte Carlo photon tracing with the Henyey–Greenstein(HG) phase function is introduced to overcome the bias of the constant-parameter Beer–Lambert approximation in spatially varying media, yielding the spatial distribution of received power and the 90% confidence coverage radius. Second, a hardware–software integrated implementation is completed: the transmitter employs blue/green LED arrays with secondary optics, the receiver adopts a large-aperture photomultiplier tube(PMT) with a narrowband filter, and OOK/IM-DD is used as the signaling scheme. At the software layer, a sliding-window adaptive threshold and gain control method(CFAR+AGC) jointly adjusts transmit power and receive gain, reducing reliance on high-precision pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT). Water-tank experiments verify link stability, pointing tolerance, and multi-rate performance(6~20 Mbps); open-sea trials in the Wenchang 16-2 field achieve a stable communication range of approximately 17 m under a water attenuation coefficient of 0.58 m⁻¹, with error-free transmission at 6.25 Mbps and robustness to relative motion and ambient-light fluctuations. The results demonstrate that the proposed closed-loop “layered channel–quasi-omnidirectional emission–adaptive reception” approach has strong transferability and engineering effectiveness, enabling continuous deepwater TDP monitoring without additional MSV deployment, thereby reducing cost and improving operational safety and timeliness.
- deepwater subsea pipeline laying /
- touchdown point monitoring /
- underwater wireless optical communication /
- Monte Carlo photon tracing /
- quasi-omnidirectional LED array

HTML全文

图 1 深水海管铺设智能监测系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of intelligent monitoring system for deepwater subsea pipeline laying

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图 2 “守护者”号USV

Figure 2. “Guardian” USV

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图 3 “领航者”号ARV及结构示意图

Figure 3. “Navigator” ARV

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图 4 TMS及其结构示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of TMS and its structure

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图 5 光通信 LED 阵列光源建模与水下辐照特性仿真结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of source modeling and underwater irradiation characteristics of the optical communication LED array

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图 6 光通信系统中光子在水下信道的传播特性

Figure 6. Underwater channel propagation characteristics of photons in the optical communication system

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图 7 基于蒙特卡洛方法光子接收仿真

Figure 7. Monte Carlo simulation of photon reception

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图 8 光通信设备及其结构示意图

Figure 8. Optical communication equipment and its structure diagram

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图 9 光通信水池试验

Figure 9. Water-tank experiment of the optical communication system

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图 10 水池实验视频截图

Figure 10. Video screenshot of the water-tank experiment

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图 11 远海实验场景下的 USV–TMS–ARV

Figure 11. USV–TMS–ARV system during the open-sea experiment

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图 12 TDP视频截图

Figure 12. Video screenshot of TDP

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表 1 通信测试结果

Table 1. Communication test results

TMS与ARV间距/m 通信速率/Mbps BER

17 3.125 1×10⁻⁵

15 6.250 1×10⁻⁵

下载: 导出CSV

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