水下柔性传感器研究进展

王廷宇; 石柯涌; 吴梦维; 唐伟

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0093

水下柔性传感器研究进展

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0093

王廷宇^{1, 2,},
石柯涌^3,,
吴梦维^4,,
唐伟^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院大学纳米科学与技术学院, 北京, 100049
2.
中国科学院北京纳米能源与系统研究所, 北京, 101400
3.
天津商业大学机械工程学院, 天津, 300134
4.
大连海事大学轮机工程学院大连市海洋微纳能源与自驱动系统重点实验室, 辽宁大连, 116026

基金项目: 国家万人计划青年拔尖人才(SQ2024QB00757), 国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2604600).

详细信息

作者简介:
王廷宇(2000-)，男，博士, 主要从事水下触觉智能感知

通讯作者:
唐　伟(1986-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事界面电子转移和可穿戴电子.

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-23
- 修回日期: 2025-09-06
- 录用日期: 2025-09-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-30

Recent Advances in Underwater Flexible Sensors

WANG Tingyu^{1, 2
,},
SHI Keyong^3
,,
WU Mengwei^4
,,
TANG Wei^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
2.
School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
4.
Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self powered Systems, Dalian 116026, China

摘要

摘要: 随着海洋开发需求的日益增长, 水下柔性传感器因其优异的柔顺性和环境适应性, 在水下应用领域中展现出巨大的潜力。特别是在高静水压、大应变和耐腐蚀等复杂环境下, 水下柔性传感器的集成应用对于水下软体机器人、潜水装备、海洋探测设备及其他海洋工程系统的感知能力提升具有重要意义。文中综述了电阻式、电容式、压电式、摩擦电式、光纤及电磁传感等机制在水下环境中的最新应用进展。通过对比不同传感机制的优势和挑战, 系统总结了其在水下有人系统与软体机器人中应用的最新进展, 重点讨论了在形变、姿态、触觉及流场感知方面的创新性应用。此外文中还提出, 突破水下柔性传感器在适应性和长期可靠性等方面的瓶颈, 需聚焦多模态融合、智能解耦与仿生集成技术。这些研究成果为水下柔性传感器的未来发展方向提供了新的思路和可能的解决方案。
- 水下软体机器人 /
- 柔性传感器 /
- 本体感知 /
- 环境感知
Abstract: With the increasing demand for ocean exploration, underwater flexible sensors have demonstrated significant potential in various underwater applications due to their exceptional compliance and environmental adaptability. In particular, the integration of underwater flexible sensors in complex environments, such as those with high hydrostatic pressure, large strains, and corrosion resistance, plays a crucial role in enhancing the perception capabilities of underwater soft robots, diving equipment, marine exploration devices, and other marine engineering systems. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the application of resistance, capacitance, piezoelectric, triboelectric, optical fiber, and electromagnetic sensing mechanisms in underwater environments. By comparing the advantages and challenges of different sensing mechanisms, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of their developments in underwater manned systems and soft robots, with a focus on innovative applications in deformation, posture, tactile, and flow field sensing. Furthermore, this paper highlights that overcoming the bottlenecks in adaptability and long-term reliability of underwater flexible sensors requires a focus on multimodal integration, intelligent decoupling, and biomimetic integration technologies. These findings offer new insights and potential solutions for the future development of underwater flexible sensors.
- Underwater soft robots /
- Flexible sensors /
- Proprioception /
- Exteroception

HTML全文

图 1 水下柔性传感测量原理

Figure 1. Principle of underwater flexible sensing measurement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 软体机器人本体感知

Figure 2. Intrinsic Perception of Soft Robots

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 水下柔性机械臂环境交互

Figure 3. Environmental interaction of an underwater flexible manipulator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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