Study on the water entry process of the vehicle under the restriction of the underwater ice hole
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摘要: 航行体经水下冰层孔洞的入水过程, 在极地海洋探测器的投放以及极地区域相关装备的部署策略中, 具有重要工程意义。然而, 当前对冰层孔洞结构下航行体入水行为的研究仍较为有限, 尤其缺乏对孔洞约束下空泡演化机制与航行体动力响应之间耦合关系的系统认识。为此, 文中采用基于CFD的数值仿真方法, 针对航行体穿过水下冰层孔洞的入水过程开展深入研究, 重点揭示孔洞几何约束条件下流场结构、空泡演化与航行体运动状态之间的耦合特征。研究结果表明, 航行体穿越冰层孔洞的过程中, 入水空泡先收缩后膨胀, 流体阻力同步呈现先增后减的趋势; 随着航行体逐步穿过孔洞, 其壁面周围流速显著提升, 尾部流场的不对称性进一步加剧; 此外, 航行体穿越孔洞期间速度明显下降, 这一变化的转折点与空泡溃灭时间基本吻合; 当航行体完全穿过孔洞后, 运动轨迹发生偏转。上述发现不仅丰富了孔洞结构约束条件下入水动力学的理解, 也为极地探测器投放路径设计及结构优化提供了理论依据。Abstract: The water entry process of a vehicle passing through an underwater ice hole is of great engineering significance in the launching operation of polar ocean detectors and the deployment strategy of related equipment in polar regions. However, the research on the water entry behavior of the vehicle under the ice hole structure is still limited, especially the lack of systematic understanding of the coupling relationship between the cavity evolution mechanism and the dynamic response of the vehicle under the ice hole constraint. Therefore, the numerical simulation method based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is adopted in this paper, and the water entry process of the vehicle passing through the underwater ice hole is studied, revealing the coupling characteristics between the flow field structure, cavity evolution, and the motion state of the vehicle under the constraint of the ice hole. The results show that when the vehicle passes through the underwater ice hole, the cavity undergoes the evolution process of contraction first and then expansion, and the fluid resistance also increases first and then decreases. As the vehicle gradually passes through the hole, the velocity around the wall increases significantly, and the asymmetry of the tail flow field intensifies. In addition, the velocity of the vehicle decreases when it passes through the hole, and its turning point is basically consistent with the time of cavity collapse. When the vehicle passes through the hole completely, the motion trajectory deflects. The above findings not only enrich the understanding of water entry dynamics under the constraint of the ice hole but also provide a theoretical basis for the launch path design and structural optimization of polar detectors.
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Key words:
- ice hole /
- vehicle /
- water entry /
- cavity evolution
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图 1 航行体穿过水下冰层孔洞的流域模型
Figure 1. Flow domain model of vehicle passing through underwater ice hole
图 4 不同网格数量下航行体入水的速度变化
Figure 4. Velocity variation of vehicle entry into water under different grid numbers
图 5 冰层孔洞限制下入水过程的对比图
Figure 5. Comparison diagram of entry process under the restriction of ice hole
图 6 冰层孔洞限制下入水速度对比图
Figure 6. Comparison diagram of water entry velocity under the restriction of ice hole
图 7 航行体穿过冰层孔洞的空泡演化过程
Figure 7. Cavitation evolution process of vehicle passing through ice hole
图 9 航行体穿过孔洞时空泡的形态变化
Figure 9. Morphological variation of cavitation during vehicle passing through the hole
图 10 航行体穿过冰层孔洞的初期流场变化
Figure 10. Initial flow field variation during vehicle passing through the ice hole
图 11 航行体穿过水下孔洞时受到的水动力
Figure 11. Hydrodynamic force on the vehicle when passing through the underwater hole
图 12 航行体穿过水下孔洞时的速度变化
Figure 12. Velocity variation of the vehicle when passing through the underwater hole
图 13 航行体穿过水下孔洞时的位移变化
Figure 13. Displacement variation of the vehicle when passing through the underwater hole
表 1 实验用航行体参数
Table 1. Parameters of experimental vehicle
参数 数值 直径/m 0.045 总长/m 0.214 锥角/(°) 96.000 密度/(g/cm3) 2.630 速度/(m/s) 10.500 
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