Numerical Simulation Study on the Release Process of Underwater Towed Bodies under Different Parameters
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摘要: 水下拖曳体是水下航行器的重要部件, 为满足其拖缆设计及释放过程中姿态稳定的需求, 文中开展了相关研究。首先, 采用重叠网格技术与可实现的
$k - \varepsilon $ 湍流模型, 构建拖曳体流体动力学模型, 并对其释放过程进行非定常数值仿真; 随后, 通过试验结果验证了网格划分与数值方法的有效性。在此基础上研究进一步系统分析了三大关键因素对水下拖曳体释放过程的影响规律, 仿真结果表明: 拖曳速度影响拖曳体的稳定时间与姿态稳定过程, 需根据拖曳体结构确定最佳拖曳速度; 重浮心位置对拖曳体释放动力学特性作用显著, 重心前移设计可减小拖曳体振荡、提升系统稳定性, 且重心与浮心接近时, 拖曳体姿态调整时间更短、运动更平稳; 拖曳点应选在拖曳体头部下方, 以减小释放过程中俯仰角的变化、提高释放稳定性。研究结果为水下拖曳体的工程设计与释放策略提供了重要理论依据。Abstract: The underwater towing body is an important component of underwater vehicles. For the requirements such as the design of the towing cable for underwater towing bodies and stable attitude during the release process, this paper constructed the fluid dynamics model of the towed body by the overlapping mesh technology and the achievable$k - \varepsilon $ turbulence model, after when carrying out the unsteady numerical simulation of the release process of the towing body. After the simulation, the paper verified the effectiveness of the grid division and numerical methods by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results. The paper systematically analyzed the influence of towing speed, the position of the barycenter and the buoyant center and the towing point on the release process of the towing body in underwater system. The towing speed affects the stabilization time and attitude stabilization process of the towing body, and the optimal towing speed needed to be determined according to the structure of the towing body. The positions of the barycenter and the buoyant center had a significant effect on the release dynamic characteristics of the towed body, and the design of moving the barycenter forward could reduce the oscillation of the towing body and improve the stability of the system. When the barycenter was close to the buoyant center, the attitude adjustment time of the towed body was shorter and the movement was more stable. The towing point should be selected under the head of the towing body to reduce the change in pitch angle during the release process and improve the stability of the release process. The results of the paper provided an important theoretical basis for the engineering design and release strategy of underwater towing bodies.-
Key words:
- towing body /
- release process /
- overlapping grid /
- numerical simulation /
- dynamic characteristics
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图 4 重叠部分及拖曳体表面局部网格
Figure 4. Overlapping regions and local grid on the surface of the towed body
图 8 4 kn航速下拖曳体俯仰角数值仿真结果
Figure 8. Numerical simulation results of the pitch angle of the towed body at a speed of 4 knots
图 9 4 kn航速下拖曳体俯仰角数值仿真结果与试验数据对比
Figure 9. Comparison of numerical simulation results and test data of the pitch Angle of the towed body at a speed of 4 kn
图 10 不同拖曳速度下拖曳体俯仰角变化情况
Figure 10. Variation of the pitch angle of the towed body under different towing speeds
图 11 2 kn拖曳速度下拖曳体俯仰角局部变化情况
Figure 11. Local variation of the pitch angle of the towed body under 2 kn towing speed
图 12 不同工况下拖曳体俯仰角变化情况
Figure 12. Variation of the pitch angle of the towed body under different working conditions
图 13 不同重心横坐标下拖曳体稳定状态速度云图
Figure 13. Velocity contour of the towed body in steady state under different horizontal coordinates of the center of gravity
图 14 不同拖曳点位置下拖曳体俯仰角变化情况
Figure 14. Variation of the pitch angle of the towed body under different positions of towing points
图 15 不同拖曳点位置下拖曳体稳定状态速度云图
Figure 15. Velocity contour of the towed body in steady state under different positions of towing points
表 1 拖曳体结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of towed body
参数名称 数值 单位 质量 6.928 kg 总长 540 mm 中段直径 170 mm x方向浮心位置 0.243 8 m y方向浮心位置 0 m z方向浮心位置 0 m x方向转动惯量 0.028 435 kg/m2 y方向转动惯量 0.107 598 kg/m2 z方向转动惯量 0.106 637 kg/m2 
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表 2 不同网格数量下拖曳体稳态阻力与升力大小
Table 2. The steady-state resistance and lift force of the towing body under different grid numbers
表面网格尺寸/mm 网格总数 水平阻力/N 竖直升力/N 10 188 975 33.77 21.36 5 283 445 34.21 21.19 3 986 964 32.79 22.00 2 1 902 176 32.96 21.84
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表 3 4 kn航速下拖曳体俯仰角数值仿真误差
Table 3. Numerical simulation error of the pitch angle of the towed body at a speed of 4 knots
名称 仿真结果 试验数据 误差/% 平均值 56.558 59.188 4.44 中位数 56.420 59.156 4.63
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表 4 改变重心位置的不同工况参数
Table 4. Different working condition parameters for changing the position of the center of gravity
工况 重心横坐标/m $\Delta X/L$ 备注 1 0.043 8 0.08 重心位于浮心前方 2 −0.006 2 −0.01 重心与浮心基本重合 3 −0.056 2 −0.10 重心位于浮心后方 4 −0.106 2 −0.29 重心位于浮心后方, 且间距更大
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表 5 改变拖曳点位置的不同工况参数
Table 5. Different working condition parameters with changed towing point positions
工况 拖曳点横坐标/m $\alpha $/° 1 0.231 8 30.82 2 0.218 8 45.10 3 0.201 8 59.61 4 0.191 8 67.16
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