Design and Verification of End Face Bidirectional Self-Sealing Structure
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摘要: 为实现水下大口径舱盖的端面双向密封, 并解决合盖过程密封圈反力大的问题, 创新地结合舌形截面良好的自密封优势和燕尾防脱出结构, 设计了5种规格的高低舌双向自密封圈, 采用Abaqus软件对密封圈进行了应力、变形及接触压力等仿真分析, 并试制样机开展了内外压密封试验与旋松、旋紧力矩测试。试验结果与有限元分析结果一致, 高低舌形密封圈能在低反力下实现端面双向自密封, 舌形结构倒角越大, 密封圈与密封面之间的接触应力值越高, 密封效果越好; 密封圈两侧舌高相差越小, 中间平台高度越低, 密封圈越容易被吸出; 降低密封圈的最大高度和中间平台高度能有效降低密封反力, 延长密封圈使用寿命。基于试验结果对密封圈进行改进优化并试制大口径密封圈, 合盖压紧千余次后仍能实现内气压、内水压和外水压的自密封。研究成果可为水下大型承压设备端面密封设计应用提供参考。Abstract: In order to achieve the bidirectional sealing of the end face of underwater large-caliber hatch covers and solve the problem of the large reaction force of the sealing ring during the closing process, this paper innovatively combined the good self-sealing advantage of the tongue-shaped cross-section and the anti-ejection structure of the dovetail structure and designed five specifications of “high-low tongue” bidirectional self-sealing rings. The stress, deformation, contact pressure, and other simulation analyses of the sealing rings were carried out using Abaqus, and a prototype was trial-produced to conduct internal and external pressure sealing tests, as well as loosening and tightening torque tests. The test results were consistent with the results of finite element analysis. The “high-low tongue” sealing ring could achieve bidirectional self-sealing of the end face under low reaction force. A larger chamfer of the tongue-shaped structure means a higher contact stress value between the sealing ring and the sealing surface and better sealing effect; a smaller difference in the height of the tongue on both sides of the sealing ring indicates a lower height of the middle platform and makes the sealing ring easier to be sucked out. Reducing the maximum height and the middle platform height of the sealing ring can effectively reduce the sealing reaction force and extend the service life of the sealing ring. Based on the test results, the sealing ring is improved and optimized, and a large-caliber sealing ring is trial-produced. After closing and pressing the cover more than a thousand times, it can still achieve self-sealing of internal air pressure, internal water pressure, and external water pressure. The research results provide a reference for the design and application of end face sealing of large underwater pressure-bearing equipment.
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图 3 5种不同截面形状的密封圈零件工程图及实物图
Figure 3. Engineering drawings and physical images of five different cross-sectional shapes of sealing ring parts
图 6 合盖时1#密封圈仿真结果
Figure 6. Simulation results of the 1# sealing ring during lid closure
图 7 合盖时2#密封圈仿真结果
Figure 7. Simulation results of the 2# sealing ring during lid closure
图 8 合盖时3#密封圈仿真结果
Figure 8. Simulation results of the 3# sealing ring during lid closure
图 9 合盖时4#密封圈仿真结果
Figure 9. Simulation results of the 4# sealing ring during lid closure
图 10 合盖时5#密封圈仿真结果
Figure 10. Simulation results of the 5# sealing ring during lid closure
图 11 舱盖法兰和舱体法兰不同间隙下合盖所需压紧力和最大接触应力
Figure 11. Clamping force and maximum contact stress of hatch cover flange and hull flange under different clearances during lid closure
图 13 不同密封圈合盖旋紧和旋松力矩对比
Figure 13. Comparison of tightening and loosening torques for different sealing rings
表 1 密封圈关键特征尺寸
Table 1. Key characteristics of sealing ring
mm 特征参数 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 圈中心高 12.0 11.5 11.5 12.0 11.0 外舌高 17.0 17.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 内舌高 13.8 13.8 14.0 14.0 14.0 外舌半径 14.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 12.0 内舌半径 10.0 18.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 圈中心宽 3.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 3.0 外台阶宽 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 内台阶宽 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 
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表 2 不同间隙下舱盖法兰和舱体法兰合盖所需压紧力
Table 2. Pressure of the hatch and barrel flange cover under different clearances
kN 密封圈编号 间隙值/mm 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1# 0.92 2.12 6.62 16.32 2# 0.79 1.98 4.70 12.12 3# 0.56 1.01 2.64 13.73 4# 0.45 0.97 2.79 11.94 5# 0.35 0.52 1.52 4.73
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表 3 不同间隙下舱盖法兰和舱体法兰合盖的最大接触应力
Table 3. Maximum contact stress of hatch cover and barrel flange cover under different clearances
MPa 密封圈编号 间隙值/mm 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1# 1.92 1.97 3.80 7.77 2# 1.93 1.99 3.77 6.66 3# 1.61 1.37 2.44 3.39 4# 0.86 0.81 1.01 2.62 5# 1.40 1.51 3.32 3.22
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表 4 5种密封圈的内压试验结果
Table 4. The results of the inner pressure seal test of five sealing rings
编号 状态 内水压变化 损失状态 0~6.0 MPa 0~0.3 MPa 1# 无泄漏 无压降 无压降 无损伤 2# 无泄漏 无压降 无压降 无损伤 3# 无泄漏 无压降 无压降 无损伤 4# 有泄漏 无压降 无压降 吸出脱落 5# 无泄漏 无压降 无压降 吸出脱落
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表 5 5种密封圈外水压密封试验结果
Table 5. The results of the outer water pressure seal test of five sealing rings
编号 外水压变化 损失状态 备注 0 MPa升压
至6.0 MPa6.0 MPa降压
至0 MPa1# 无压降 无压降 无损伤 难合盖 2# 无压降 无压降 无损伤 3# 无压降 无压降 无损伤 4# 无明显压降 无明显压降 吸出脱落 积水少 5# 无压降 无压降 吸出脱落
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表 6 合盖旋紧、旋松力矩测试结果
Table 6. The test results of the close and spinning torque
N·m 编号 旋紧 旋松 最小值 最大值 均值 标准差 最小值 最大值 均值 标准差 1# 535.0 603.0 569.0 48.1 393.0 436.0 414.5 30.4 2# 441.0 499.0 470.0 41.0 322.0 353.0 337.5 21.9 3# 392.0 460.0 426.0 48.1 291.0 313.0 302.0 15.6 4# 361.0 413.0 387.0 36.8 278.0 298.0 288.0 14.1 5# 320.0 378.0 349.0 41.0 228.0 259.0 243.5 21.9
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