Analysis on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Icosahedral Sphere Composite

DONG Yanhua; ZHOU Fulin; FAN Jun; WANG Bin; WANG Wenhuan; XIONG Jianbing

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0078

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems > 2026 > Accepted Manuscript

DONG Yanhua, ZHOU Fulin, FAN Jun, WANG Bin, WANG Wenhuan, XIONG Jianbing. Analysis on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Icosahedral Sphere Composite[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0078

Citation:

DONG Yanhua, ZHOU Fulin, FAN Jun, WANG Bin, WANG Wenhuan, XIONG Jianbing. Analysis on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Icosahedral Sphere Composite[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0078

Citation:

PDF( 5057 KB)

Analysis on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Icosahedral Sphere Composite

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2026-0078

DONG Yanhua^{1, 2
,},
ZHOU Fulin^{1, 2
,},
FAN Jun^{1, 2},
WANG Bin^{1, 2},
WANG Wenhuan^{1, 2},
XIONG Jianbing^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received Date: 2026-04-21
Accepted Date: 2026-05-18
Rev Recd Date: 2026-05-11

Available Online: 2026-05-28

Abstract

Abstract

To address the limitations of conventional underwater acoustic standard targets in terms of deployment difficulty and insufficient acoustic adaptability, a lightweight underwater icosahedral buoy-rod composite quasi-spherical scatterer structure is proposed. The structure forms an approximate spherical scattering interface using curved buoyant units and a rod–sphere framework, and a permeable design enables buoyancy self-balance and stable underwater positioning without additional ballast, which improves deployment feasibility while preserving spherical scattering characteristics. A frequency-segmented numerical model for acoustic scattering is established. The variations in scattering strength with acoustic frequency and incident direction are numerically analyzed, and the formation mechanism of path-difference interference is clarified. Experimental measurements are further carried out to validate the proposed modeling method and the corresponding conclusions, providing theoretical support and experimental evidence for the design and optimization of acoustic scattering standard targets. The results show that the average target strength of the proposed quasi-spherical scatterer is approximately 3.87 dB higher than that of a rigid sphere with the same radius. Meanwhile, the structure exhibits coherent interference characteristics caused by multiple scattering components. Therefore, it can serve as an underwater acoustic calibration target and provide a useful reference for experimental calibration, acoustic scattering analysis, and testing of underwater unmanned systems.
- acoustic scattering,
- quasi-spherical reference target,
- underwater acoustic calibration,
- unmanned underwater system,
- iterative physical acoustics method

FullText(HTML)

References(20)

References

[1]	Demer D A, Berger L, Bernasconi M, et al. Calibration of acoustic instruments[R]. ICES Cooperative Research Reports, 2015: 326.
[2]	Foote K G. Optimizing copper spheres for precision calibration of hydroacoustic equipment[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1982, 71(3): 742-747. doi: 10.1121/1.387497
[3]	汤渭霖, 范军, 马忠成. 水中目标声散射[M]. 科学出版社, 2018.
[4]	邓文祥, 杨同盛, 杨吉波. 充液聚焦球形反射体的实验研究[J]. 声学学报, 1982: 88-93. Deng W X, Yang T S, Yang J B. Experimental investigation of focused liquid-filled spherical reflectors[J]. Acta Acustica, 1982: 88-93.
[5]	Foote K G, Chu D, Hammar T R, et al. Protocols for calibrating multibeam sonar[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2005, 117(4): 2013-2027. doi: 10.1121/1.1869073
[6]	杨同盛. 对充液聚焦球内液体声参数研究[J]. 声学学报, 1988: 291-294. YANG T S. An investigation of acoustical parameters of liquid infocused liquid-filled sphere[J]. Acta Acustica, 1988: 291-294.
[7]	刘子豪, 周富霖, 李梅, 等. 水下球面嵌入角反射体结构声目标强度增强设计研究[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2025, 20: 273-283 doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04049 Liu Z H, Zhou F L, Li M, et al. Study on acoustic target strength enhancement design of underwater spherical embeded corner reflector structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2025, 20: 273-283. doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04049
[8]	王杰亚, 罗祎. 水下单层薄金属板多格角反射体声散射特性研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2024, 44: 173-176. Wang J Y, Wang W. Acoustic scattering characteristics of underwater multicell single-layer thin metal plate corner reflectors[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2024, 44: 173-176.
[9]	Xiao D, Zhang J, Chu Z, et al. Research on the acoustic scattering characteristics of underwater corner reflector linear arrays[J]. 2025, 25(7): 2129.
[10]	陈文剑, 朱建军, 孙义诚, 等. 水下双层十字交叉组合二面角反射体[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2023, 44: 1382-1390. Chen W J, Zhu J J, Sun Y C, et al. Underwater double cross combined dihedral corner reflector[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2023, 44: 1382-1390.
[11]	Deveau D M, Lyons A P. Fluid-filled passive sonar calibration spheres: Design, modeling, and measurement[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2009, 34(1): 93-100. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2008.2010755
[12]	何祚镛, 赵玉芳同. 声学理论基础[M]. 声学理论基础, 1981.
[13]	汤渭霖. 用物理声学方法计算非硬表面的声散射[J]. 声学学报, 1993: 45-53. Tang W L. Calculation of acoustic scattering of a nonrigid surface using physical acoustic method[J]. Acta Acustica, 1993: 45-53.
[14]	范军, 汤渭霖, 卓琳凯. 声呐目标回声特性预报的板块元方法[J]. 船舶力学, 2012, 16: 171-180. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2012.01.020 Fan J, Tang W L, Zhuo L K. Planar elements method for forecasting the echo characteristics from sonar targets[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2012, 16: 171-180. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2012.01.020
[15]	Zampolli M, Tesei A, Jensen F B, et al. A computationally efficient finite element model with perfectly matched layers applied to scattering from axially symmetric objects[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2007, 122(3): 1472-1485. doi: 10.1121/1.2764471
[16]	李静, 马晓川, 李璇. 敷设空腔覆盖层水下复杂目标的声散射特性研究[J]. 声学技术, 2023, 42: 409-418. Li J, Ma X C, Li X. Acoustic scattering characteristics of underwater complex targets covered with cavity structural anechoic coating layer[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2023, 42: 409-418.
[17]	Chernokozhin E, Boag A. Numerical models for problems of acoustic scattering by thin elastic shells immersed in fluids[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2025, 158(3): 1934-1946. doi: 10.1121/10.0039246
[18]	Norrie D H, De Vries G. The finite element method: Fundamentals and applications[M]. Academic Press, 2014.
[19]	王文欢, 王斌, 范军, 等. 基于迭代物理声学的导管中高频声散射特性研究[J]. 声学学报, 2025, 50: 445-455. doi: 10.12395/0371-0025.2023302 Wang W H, Wang B, Fan J, et al. Study of medium-frequency and high-frequency acoustic scattering characteristics of duct based on an iterative physical acoustics method[J]. Acta Acustica, 2025, 50: 445-455. doi: 10.12395/0371-0025.2023302
[20]	范军, 李建鲁, 刘涛, 等. 水下复杂形状目标回声的过渡特性[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2002: 161-164. Fan J, Li J L, Liu T, et al. Transition characteristics of echoes from complex shape targets in water[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2002: 161-164.