海洋浮标低功耗远距离无线通信技术研究进展

王晓波; 胡旭娟; 姬雪峰

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0019

海洋浮标低功耗远距离无线通信技术研究进展

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0019

中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇五研究所, 陕西西安, 710077

详细信息

作者简介:
王晓波(1991-), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为无线通信及水下无线光通信

中图分类号: TJ630.34, U674.941
计量
- 文章访问数: 134
- HTML全文浏览量: 20
- PDF下载量: 44
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-28
- 修回日期: 2025-02-26
- 录用日期: 2025-03-04
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-25

Low-Power Long-Distance Wireless Communication Technologies for Marine Buoys: A Review

The 705 Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710077, China

摘要

摘要: 随着全球海洋开发和利用的不断深入, 海洋浮标作为重要的海洋观测设备, 在海洋环境监测、气象预报及海洋资源开发等领域发挥着关键作用。然而, 海洋浮标通常远离陆地, 面临远距离数据传输和设备功耗限制等挑战。传统的卫星通信技术为远海浮标提供了可靠的通信方式。5G技术的发展则为近海浮标提供了新的可能性。随着物联网(IoT)技术的快速发展, 现代低功耗广域网(LPWAN)技术逐渐成为海洋浮标无线通信的重要选择。新兴的低轨卫星星座(LEO)技术也为海洋浮标提供了全球范围的通信支持, 尤其在超远距离和深海环境下表现优异。文中综述了当前适用于海洋浮标的低功耗无线通信技术, 重点分析了LPWAN技术、5G及低轨卫星通信的应用前景与技术挑战, 提出了未来的发展方向, 以期为推动海洋浮标通信系统的发展提供参考。
- 海洋浮标 /
- 无线通信 /
- 低功耗 /
- 远距离通信
Abstract: With the advancement of global ocean development and utilization, marine buoys, as key ocean observation devices, play a critical role in marine environment monitoring, weather forecasting, and ocean resource development. However, marine buoys are typically deployed far from land, facing numerous challenges such as long-distance data transmission and equipment power consumption limitations. Traditional satellite communication technologies provide reliable communication for offshore buoys, while the development of 5G technology offers new opportunities for nearshore buoys. With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things(IoT) technology, modern low-power wide-area network(LPWAN) technologies have gradually become important options for wireless communication in marine buoys. Meanwhile, emerging low Earth orbit(LEO) technologies provide global communication support for marine buoys, particularly excelling in ultra-long-distance and deep-sea environments. This paper reviewed current low-power wireless communication technologies applicable to marine buoys, focusing on the application prospects and technical challenges of LPWAN, 5G, and LEO satellite communication. It also proposed future development directions, aiming to provide valuable references for advancing marine buoy communication systems.
- ocean buoy /
- wireless communication /
- low-power /
- long-distance communication

HTML全文

图 1 海洋浮标通信示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of ocean buoy communication

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 短波电离层反射传播示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of shortwave ionospheric reflection propagation

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图 3 低轨星座

Figure 3. LEO constellation

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表 1 基于LPWAN的海洋浮标通信技术对比

Table 1. Comparison of ocean buoy communication technologies based on LPWAN

技术名称	调制方式	编码方式	最大速率	通信距离	频段授权	部署成本	通信功耗
LoRa	啁啾扩频	Hamming	50 kbit/s	远	非授权频段	低	超低
Cat-M1	正交相移键控	Turbo	1 Mbit/s	近	授权频段	较高	低
NB-IoT	正交相移键控	Turbo	250 kbit/s	中等	授权频段	较高	低
Sigfox	超窄带二进制相移键控	卷积码和Turbo	100 bit/s	最远	非授权频段	低	超低

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