Study on Full-Size Drop Impact Response Characteristics and Safety of Marine Equipment
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摘要: 海洋装备的跌落安全在日常勤务操作中至关重要。针对某装备全尺寸跌落的安全性, 采用LS-DYNA软件, 建立了整体结构的有限元仿真计算模型, 对整体结构从5 m高度水平跌落过程进行数值仿真分析, 获取含能材料和各舱段的冲击响应规律。结果表明, 整体结构在5 m水平跌落条件下, 经多次反弹后各舱段材料内部产生塑性变形; 含能材料在整体结构和地面碰撞点内腔对应位置处应力最大, 含能材料内局部压力超过屈服强度产生变形, 在整个碰撞过程中虽没有发生点火反应, 但含能材料内部应力、温度和反应度数值有低幅变化, 局部发生轻微化学反应。结合整体结构5 m水平跌落试验进行验证, 试验结果与仿真结果趋于一致, 不燃不爆。文中研究可有效指导海洋装备的安全性设计和工程研制。Abstract: The drop safety of marine equipment is of paramount importance in daily operational tasks. To assess the safety of a full-size drop of a certain type of equipment, a finite element simulation model of the overall structure was established using LS-DYNA software. The numerical simulation and analysis of the horizontal drop from a height of 5 meters were conducted to obtain the impact response characteristics of the energetic material and each compartment. The results show that under 5-meter drop conditions, after multiple rebounds, plastic deformation occurs within the materials of each compartment. The maximum stress of the energetic material is located at the corresponding position in the cavity at the collision point between the structure and the ground. When the local pressure inside the energetic material exceeds its yield strength, deformation occurs. Although no ignition reaction happens during the entire collision process, the internal stress, temperature, and reactivity values of the energetic material show slight fluctuations, and minor local chemical reactions occur. A verification test of the 5-meter horizontal drop using a full-size structure is conducted. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, confirming that the structure does not ignite or explode. This study can be applied to the safety analysis and assessment of full-size drops for other marine equipment and can effectively guide the safety design and engineering development of such systems.
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Key words:
- marine equipment /
- safety /
- drop /
- full-size /
- impact response /
- energetic material
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图 3 含能材料跌落工况下各时刻压力云图
Figure 3. Pressure contours of energetic materials under drop conditions at various times
图 4 含能材料内部测点等效应力时程曲线
Figure 4. Equivalent stress-time curve of internal measuring points inside energetic materials
图 5 含能材料内部测点压力时程曲线
Figure 5. Pressure-time curve of internal measuring points inside energetic materials
图 6 含能材料内部测点温度、反应度时程曲线
Figure 6. Temperature, reaction-time curves of measuring points inside energetic materials
图 7 海洋装备主要舱段加速度、压力和等效应力时程曲线
Figure 7. Acceleration, pressure and equivalent stress-time history curves of the main compartment of the marine equipment
图 8 海洋装备主要舱段变形时程曲线
Figure 8. Deformation-time history curves of the main compartment of the marine equipment
图 9 跌落试验冲击波测试及高速摄影布局示意图
Figure 9. Diagram of drop test shock wave test and high-speed photography layout
表 1 含能材料点火增长模型参数
Table 1. Parameters of ignition growth model for energetic materials
参数 符号 数值 初始反应速率系数/μs−1 Ⅰ 7.43×104 压力指数 b 0.667 压缩度指数 a 0 压缩度指数修正项 x 20 低压阶段反应增长因子/(GPa−2·μs−1) G1 3.1 高压指数 c 0.667 高压阶段压缩度指数 d 0.111 高压阶段压缩度修正项 y 1 高压阶段反应增长因子/( GPa−2·μs−1) G2 400 反应完成度指数 e 0.333 反应完成度修正系数 g 1 反应完成度指数修正项 z 2 
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表 2 相关材料参数
Table 2. Related material parameters
材料 弹性模量
/MPa泊松比 密度
/(t·mm−3)屈服强度
/MPa头部PU橡胶 0.491 1.05×10−9 壳体铝合
金材料72 000 0.300 2.7×10−9 340 炸药 8 230 0.300 1.8×10−9 31 钢 210 000 0.300 7.9×10−9 235 混凝土 40 000 0.300 2.65×10−9 100
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