Prediction of SNR Based on SVR and Adaptive Transmission Power Method in Underwater Acoustic Communications
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摘要: 海洋环境噪声是海洋中永恒存在的声场, 与海浪、风雨、海洋生物、船舶及工业等诸多因素有关, 诸多影响因素的叠加使水下噪声功率有较强的随机性, 但海面温度及潮汐高度等因素的持续作用也会使水下噪声功率具有一定的周期性特征。水下环境噪声在水声通信时会直接影响通信误包率, 提高发送功率可增大接收信噪比, 降低误包率, 但也导致通信平均能耗较高。因此, 为了降低水声通信的误包率与平均能耗, 文中提出基于支持向量回归(SVR)算法对信噪比时间序列进行分析与预测, 并提出基于信噪比预测的水声通信发送功率自适应方法。仿真结果表明, 相比于指数平滑及差分整合移动平均自回归模型(ARIMA)方法, 基于线性核函数的支持向量回归算法对信噪比预测效果最好, 在测试数据上的预测误差最小。在不同调制方式下, 水声通信发送功率自适应方法都能在提高数据包传输成功率的同时降低每千字节能耗。Abstract: Marine environmental noise is an eternal sound field in the ocean, which is related to many factors such as waves, wind and rain, marine life, ships, and industry. The superposition of many influencing factors makes underwater noise power have strong randomness. However, the continuous effect of factors such as sea surface temperature and tidal height can also make underwater noise power have certain periodic characteristics. Underwater environmental noise can cause significant interference in underwater acoustic communication and directly affect the communication packet error rate. The higher transmission power leads to higher average energy consumption in communication. Therefore, in order to reduce the packet error rate and average energy consumption of underwater acoustic communication, this paper proposes to analyze and predict the signal-to-noise ratio time series based on the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm, and proposes an adaptive method for underwater acoustic communication transmission power based on signal-to-noise ratio prediction. The simulation results show that compared with the exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) methods, the support vector regression algorithm based on linear kernel function has the best performance in predicting signal-to-noise ratio and the smallest prediction error on test data. Under different modulation methods, the adaptive transmission power method for underwater acoustic communication can improve the success rate of data packet transmission while reducing energy consumption per kilobyte.
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图 1 舟山群岛水下环境噪声时域分析图
Figure 1. Time domain analysis of underwater environmental noise in Zhoushan Archipelago
图 2 水声通信信噪比时间序列仿真结果
Figure 2. Simulation results of signal-to-noise ratio time series for underwater acoustic communication
图 3 三次指数平滑与ARIMA方法预测结果
Figure 3. Prediction results of Triple exponential smoothing and ARIMA method
图 4 基于线性核与高斯核函数的SVR方法预测结果
Figure 4. Prediction results of SVR method based on linear kernel and Gaussian kernel function
图 5 水声通信发送功率自适应切换算法流程
Figure 5. Adaptive switching algorithm flow of underwater acoustic communication transmission power
图 6 不同调制方式的误包率随信噪比变化曲线
Figure 6. Variation curve of packet error rate with SNR for different modulation modes
图 7 不同调制方式下固定与自适应发送功率的信噪比序列对比
Figure 7. Comparison of SNR sequences of fixed and adaptive transmission power under different modulation modes
图 8 固定与自适应发送功率的数据包传输成功率对比
Figure 8. Comparison of packet transmission success rates between fixed and adaptive transmission power
图 9 固定与自适应发送功率的每千字节传输能耗对比
Figure 9. Comparison of energy consumption per kilobyte transmission between fixed and adaptive transmission power
表 1 信噪比时间序列仿真模型参数列表[8]
Table 1. List of parameters for signal-to-noise ratio time series simulation model
参数名称 参数取值 L 96.00 $ {\sigma _{ch}} $ 4.46 $ {\mu _{ch}} $ 22.70 $ {\sigma ^2} $ 5.00 
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表 2 信噪比时间序列预测方法性能对比
Table 2. Performance comparison of signal-to-noise ratio time series prediction methods
预测方法 训练集
RMSE训练集
MAE测试集
RMSE测试集
MAE三次指数平滑 0.641 0.532 3.722 3.160 ARIMA — — 4.411 3.686 SVR(高斯核) 1.569 1.282 1.958 1.654 SVR(线性核) 1.679 1.400 1.914 1.650
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表 3 水声通信机不同发送音量对应的功率
Table 3. Power corresponding to different transmission volume of underwater acoustic communicator
音量档位 功率/W 声源级/dB 1 2.5 172 2 5.0 175 3 10.0 178 4 20.0 181
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表 4 不同调制方式对应的数据包发送能耗分析
Table 4. Energy consumption analysis of data packet transmission corresponding to different modulation modes
调制方式 相干
QPSK
高速相干
QPSK
中速相干
QPSK
低速OFDM 数据量/bit 3200 3200 3200 1500 数据包长度/s 1.1 2.2 4.4 0.7 数据率/kbps 2.9 1.45 0.73 2.14 音量4档单数据包能耗/mWh 6.1 12.2 24.4 3.9 每千字节能耗/mWh 10.67 21.34 42.68 14.56
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