Research on drag reduction optimization of foldable solar fins for UUV
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摘要: 针对水下无人航行器(UUV)在海洋观测、资源勘探等任务中面临的续航瓶颈问题, 文中聚焦新型可折叠太阳能翼板水动力性能优化问题。为平衡计算效率与优化精度, 以翼板点坐标、翼板各边圆角因子、翼板间隙、翼板与艇体间隙为变量, 在CAESES软件中建立翼板参数化模型, 创新性地构建了Sobol全局取样与NSGA-Ⅱ优化算法的混合优化框架: 首先利用Sobol算法在各变量阈值空间内生成80组样本点实现设计空间的充分探索, 继而通过NSGA-Ⅱ进行多代寻优。为避免传统代理模型精度衰减问题, 搭建了高精度水动力求解与优化算法耦合计算流程, 实现CAESES与STAR-CCM+软件自动联合仿真, 对配备不同形状翼板的UUV逐一进行水动力分析, 探讨不同参数组合对总阻力的影响。寻优结果表明: 两块翼板凸出艇体部分存在一定高度差有利于降低总阻力; 流场分析表明, 优化外形有效抑制了湍流引起的能量耗散。文中所提出的参数化建模-智能优化-高精度验证技术路线, 不仅降低了新构型UUV的直航阻力, 也为复杂附体优化提供了方法论参考, 对提升水下装备的能源利用效率具有重要工程价值。Abstract: Focusing on the endurance bottleneck faced by unmanned underwater vehicles in missions such as ocean observation and resource exploration, this paper concentrates on the hydrodynamic performance optimization of a novel foldable solar wing. To balance computational efficiency and optimization accuracy, a parametric model of the wing is established in CAESES software with variables including wing point coordinates, rounding factors of wing edges, wing gaps, and gaps between the wing and the hull. Innovatively, a hybrid optimization framework combining Sobol global sampling and the NSGA-II optimization algorithm is constructed: Firstly, the Sobol algorithm is used to generate 80 sample points within the threshold space of each variable to fully explore the design space, followed by multi-generation optimization through NSGA-II. To avoid the accuracy degradation of traditional surrogate models, a coupled computational process integrating high-precision hydrodynamic solutions and optimization algorithms is established, enabling automatic co-simulation between CAESES and STAR-CCM+ software. Hydrodynamic analyses are conducted on UUVs equipped with wings of different shapes to explore the impact of different parameter combinations on total drag. The optimization results indicate that a certain height difference between the two wing sections protruding from the hull is beneficial for reducing total drag. Flow field analysis shows that the optimized shape effectively suppresses energy dissipation caused by turbulence. The proposed technical route of parametric modeling, intelligent optimization, and high-precision verification not only reduces the straight-line drag of the new configuration UUV but also provides a methodological reference for the optimization of complex appendages, possessing significant engineering value for improving the energy utilization efficiency of underwater equipment.
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图 6 数值模拟与实验结果对比图
Figure 6. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental results
图 11 STAR-CCM+与CAESES耦合仿真流程图
Figure 11. Coupled simulation flowchart of STAR-CCM+ and CAESES
图 14 优化前后翼板形状对比图
Figure 14. Comparison of wing plate shapes before and after optimization
图 15 优化前后艇体表面压力对比图
Figure 15. Comparison of hull surface pressure before and after optimization
图 16 优化前后各阻力成分对比
Figure 16. Comparison of resistance components before and after optimization
图 17 沿X方向艇体表面压力分布曲线
Figure 17. Pressure distribution curve along the hull surface in the x-direction
表 1 模型参数
Table 1. Model parameters
参数 数值/mm 参数 数值/mm 总长 3 242 最大直径 336 艏部长 350 平行中体长 1 950 艉部长 942 太阳能舱段长 860 
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表 2 优化变量及范围
Table 2. Optimize variables and ranges
变量名称 含义 范围 A-z A点的Z坐标 [150-190 mm] Y1 紧挨艇体的太阳能翼板与艇体的间隙 [0-10 mm] Y2 两块太阳能翼板的间隙 [0-10 mm] Itop 顶部圆角因子 [0-2] Ibottom 底部圆角因子 [0-2] Ileft 左端圆角因子 [0-2] Iright 右端圆角因子 [0-2]
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表 3 优化前后变量取值对比
Table 3. Comparison of variable values before and after optimization
变量名称 初始值 优化值 A-z 160 173.99 Y1 5 5.95 Y2 5 1.93 top 0 0.92 bottom 0 0.92 left 0 1.77 right 0 0.04 总阻力/N 47.04 34.14
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