Test Method for Complex Surface-Underwater Conditions of Deep-Sea Special Pressure Structure
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摘要: 分离头盖是深海无人系统的特种耐压结构, 需兼顾水下长期耐压与水面快速分离功能。为研究深海特种耐压结构水面-水下复杂工况综合性能, 研制了分离头盖实尺度结构模型开展水压试验和分离试验研究。首先, 针对分离头盖水下服役时面临的长周期海水压力环境试验工况需求, 基于国内现有的常规深海环境模拟试验系统, 提出了一种通过带皮囊球的舱室装置来实现大深度海水-压力耦合环境模拟的试验方法。再者, 针对分离头盖出水后的水面状态(空气中)快速分离试验工况需求, 建立了一套安全可靠的斜法兰连接结构模型快速分离试验系统。分离头盖实尺度模型试验结果表明, 文中提出的特种耐压结构水面-水下复杂工况试验方法合理可行, 不仅可用于分离头盖的水压试验和分离试验研究, 也可为其他深海装备类似耐压结构的相关设计与试验提供参考。Abstract: The separable head cover is a special pressure structure used in deep-sea unmanned systems that must balance long-term underwater pressure resistance with rapid separation when on the water surface. In order to study the overall performance of a deep-sea special pressure structure under complex surface-underwater conditions, a full-scale structural model of the separable head cover was developed for pressure and separation testing. Firstly, in response to the testing requirements for long-term seawater pressure environments during underwater operation, this study, based on the existing Chinese deep-sea environment simulation systems, proposed a test method that simulated coupled deep seawater-pressure conditions using a cabin device with skin balloons. Furthermore, in response to the testing requirements for rapid separation of the separable head cover after surfacing(in air), a safe and reliable inclined flange connection structure model rapid separation testing system was established. The test results of the full-scale model of the separable head cover show that the proposed testing method for complex surface–underwater conditions of a special pressure structure is reasonable and feasible. It can not only be used for pressure and separation testing of the separable head cover but also provide reference for the design and testing of similar pressure structures in other deep-sea equipment.
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图 2 深海环境模拟试验装置组成简图
Figure 2. Composition of the deep-sea environment simulation test device
图 4 海水压力环境模拟试验原理图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of seawater pressure environment simulation test
图 5 高压试验应变片防水密封方法
Figure 5. Waterproof sealing method for strain gauges in high pressure test
图 9 实尺度模型海水-压力耦合环境外压试验情况
Figure 9. Full-scale model pressure test in simulated seawater-pressure coupling environment
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