不同药量比对串联两装药水下爆炸威力影响研究

张薇; 郭锐; 崔浩

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0142

不同药量比对串联两装药水下爆炸威力影响研究

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0142

南京理工大学机械工程学院, 江苏南京, 210094

详细信息

作者简介:
张薇：张　薇(2000-), 女, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为水下爆炸高效毁伤

中图分类号: TJ630.1; U674.941
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- 文章访问数: 16
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-26
- 修回日期: 2024-10-21
- 录用日期: 2024-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-22

Study on the Effect of Explosive Power in water of Tandem Charge with Different Charge Mass Ratio

School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 为了探究串联两装药前后级不同药量比对水下爆炸威力的影响, 基于水中冲击波经验公式对串联两装药水下爆炸冲击波冲量进行理论分析, 对不同药量比串联两装药的水下爆炸威力进行数值仿真计算, 对比分析了相同药量下不同药量比串联两装药和单装药水下爆炸输出冲量规律和对目标结构的毁伤效果, 同时开展了串联两装药对目标结构毁伤的缩比水箱试验。结果表明: 在总装药量为400 gTNT时, 串联两装药结构水下爆炸输出冲量及对靶板作用效果明显优于单级装药, 且串联两装药水中爆炸威力随着前后级药量比η的增加而增大, 且当η为1∶1时冲量增益和靶板变形挠度最大, 冲量增益提高了27.43%, 靶板变形挠度提高了23.58%。小药量缩比试验结果与理论分析、数值仿真结果有较好的一致性。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 串联装药 /
- 装药比 /
- 目标毁伤
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of different charge mass ratios of tandem charges on the power of underwater explosion, theoretical analysis was carried out according to the empirical formula of underwater shock wave, and the underwater explosion power of different charge mass ratios of tandem charges is numerically simulated. Under the same charge mass condition, the impulse of explosion output and the damage effect on the target structure are compared and analyzed with different charge mass ratio of tandem charges and single charge. The results showed that the total charge was 400 g TNT, the underwater explosive power of tandem charges structure is obviously better than that of single charge, and the explosive power of tandem charges structure increases with the increase of the charge ratio.When the charge mass ratio ratio η was 1∶1, the impulse gain and the deflection of the target plate are the largest, the impulse gain was increased by 27.43% and the deflection of the target plate was increased by 23.58%. The experimental results of small charge showed good agreement with the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results.
- underwater explosion /
- tandem charge /
- charge mass ratio /
- target damage

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图 1 冲量倍数随药量比η变化

Figure 1. The impulse multiple varies with charge mass ratio η

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图 2 冲击波压力时程曲线

Figure 2. Shock wave pressure time history curves　　　　

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图 3 冲量时程曲线

Figure 3. Impulse time history curves

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图 4 球型装药有限元模型

Figure 4. Spherical charge finite element model

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图 5 串联两装药水下爆炸对靶板作用的有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element model of the effect of tandem charge on underwater explosion of target plate

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图 6 数值仿真与理论不同测点冲击波压力时程曲线对比

Figure 6. Comparison of numerical simulation and theoretical shock wave pressure time history curves at different measuring points

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图 7 串联装药和单装药仿真压力时程曲线

Figure 7. Simulation pressure time history curves of tandem charge and single charge

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图 8 串联装药和单装药仿真冲量时程曲线

Figure 8. Simulation impulse time history curves of tandem charge and single charge

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图 9 不同工况下靶板挠度变化

Figure 9. Variation of deflection of target plate under different working conditions

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图 10 水箱试验装置示意图

Figure 10. Diagram of water tank test device

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图 11 水箱试验现场布置图

Figure 11. Layout of water tank test site

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图 12 应变片位置布局示意图

Figure 12. Diagram of strain gauge position layout

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图 13 不同工况下靶板水中爆炸加载变形情况

Figure 13. Underwater explosion loading deformation of target plate under different working conditions

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图 14 4种工况下靶板最终挠度曲线

Figure 14. Final deflection curves of target plate under four working conditions

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图 15 前级装药作用下靶板中心处应变情况

Figure 15. Strain at the center of the target plate under the action of pre-charge

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图 16 工况E-4作用下钢板不同位置处应变情况

Figure 16. Strain of steel plate at different positions under working condition E-4

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图 17 不同工况下数值仿真钢板形貌情况

Figure 17. Numerical simulation of steel plate morphology under different working conditions

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表 1 TNT炸药状态方程参数

Table 1. Equation of state parameters for TNT

ρ/(g/cm³)	A/kPa	B/kPa	R₁	R₂
1.63	3.73×10⁸	3.747×10⁶	4.15	0.9

ω	D/(m/s)	E/(kJ/m³)	P_CJ/kPa
0.35	6 930	6.0×10⁶	2.10×10⁷

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表 2 水的状态方程参数

Table 2. Equation of state parameters for water

ρ/(g/cm³)	A₁/kPa	A₂/kPa	A₃/kPa
1	2.2×10⁶	9.54×10⁶	1.457×10⁷

B₀	B₁	T₁/kPa	T₂/kPa
0.28	0.28	2.2×10⁶	0

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表 3 Q235材料参数^[14]

Table 3. Material parameters of Q235

ρ(g/cm³)	G/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa
7.85	789	265	450

n	C	m	T_m/K
0.565	0.67	0	1 793

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表 4 冲击波峰值压力计算结果

Table 4. Calculation results of shock wave peak pressure

	距爆心的距离/mm
	300	400	500	600	700
一维数值计算/MPa	168.59	109.93	79.24	60.88	48.89
二维数值计算/MPa	168.87	109.07	79.68	61.74	50.22
误差/%	0.17	0.78	0.56	1.41	2.72
经验公式解/MPa	169.74	110.25	81.21	66.08	55.52
一维数值计算/MPa	168.59	109.93	79.24	60.88	48.89
误差/%	0.68	0.29	2.43	7.87	11.94

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表 5 不同药量比串联装药预估模型和数值仿真冲量对比

Table 5. Comparison of tandem charge prediction model and numerical simulation impulse for different charge ratio

η	预估模型/(N∙s)	数值仿真/(N∙s)	误差/%
0∶400	11 922	11 646	2.32
40∶360	13 456	13 041	3.08
80∶320	13 821	13 485	2.43
100∶300	14 048	13 665	2.73
120∶280	14 232	13 887	2.42
160∶240	14 565	14 281	1.95
200∶200	15 048	14 841	1.38

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表 6 不同前后级装药量下数值仿真输出的冲量增益

Table 6. Impulse gain of numerical simulation output at different front and rear charge levels

η	I/(N∙s)	Δ=[(I_η−I₄₀₀)/I₄₀₀]
0∶400	11 646	0
40∶360	13 041	11.98%
80∶320	13 485	15.79%
100∶300	13 665	17.34%
120∶280	13 887	19.24%
160∶240	14 281	22.63%
200∶200	14 841	27.43%

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表 7 数值仿真中靶板变形结果

Table 7. Deformation results of target plate in numerical simulation

工况	前级装药量/g	后级装药量/g	爆距 /mm	一次爆炸加载挠度/mm	二次爆炸加载挠度/mm	中心挠度增量/mm
S-1	400		300	296.79	—	—
S-2	40	360		112.98	311.55	198.57
S-3	80	320		152.44	324.58	172.14
S-4	100	300		168.35	330.99	162.64
S-5	120	280		181.54	339.37	157.83
S-6	160	240		203.01	354.05	151.04
S-7	200	200		223.02	366.77	143.75

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表 8 试验工况

Table 8. Test condition

试验工况	装药类型	爆距/mm	前级装药量/g	后级装药量/g
E-1	单装药	300	20
E-2	串联两装药		5	15
E-3			15	5
E-4			10	10

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表 9 钢板挠度试验值与仿真值对比

Table 9. Comparison of test and simulation values of deflection of steel plate

工况	E-1	E-2	E-3	E-4
试验值/mm	17.70	19.90	18.80	22.50
仿真值/mm	16.79	20.36	17.36	22.53
误差/%	5.14	2.31	7.66	0.13

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