Passive Localization of Underwater Broadband High-Frequency Targets Based on Frequency Difference Matching Field
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摘要: 高频信号在传播过程中易受环境不确定性的影响, 导致传统匹配场方法在高频段定位性能退化。为改善这一问题, 文中给出了基于频差匹配场的高频信号被动定位方法, 对高频带宽内不同频率的阵列接收数据进行二次积处理, 以构造远小于原频率差频处的声场结构。在差频处应用已建立的匹配场定位算法, 将宽带高频信号降低到低频段处理。首先, 给出了频差法的原理并对浅海多径传播到达掠射角进行准确估计, 在此基础上, 分别给出了适用于浅海和深海的频差匹配场物理模型。最后, 通过仿真证明了文中所提方法在不确定环境中对高频信号定位性能明显优于传统方法。Abstract: High-frequency signals are susceptible to environmental uncertainties during propagation, leading to degraded localization performance when using traditional matching field methods. To address this issue, this paper proposed a passive localization method for high-frequency signals based on the frequency difference matching field. This method performed quadratic product processing on the received data of arrays at different frequencies within the high-frequency bandwidth, constructing a sound field structure at a difference frequency much lower than the original frequency. By applying the established localization algorithm based on the matching field at difference frequency, the high-frequency broadband signal was reduced to the low-frequency range for processing. Firstly, the principle of the frequency difference method was presented, and the grazing angle of multipath propagation in shallow water was estimated. On this basis, physical models for frequency difference matching fields suitable for shallow and deep-sea environments were proposed. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method substantially outperforms traditional methods in terms of high-frequency signal localization in uncertain environments.
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图 6 浅海频差匹配场处理流程图
Figure 6. Flow chart of shallow water frequency difference matching field processing
图 9 5 Hz差频下频差积相位图
Figure 9. Frequency difference product phase diagram at 5 Hz difference frequency
图 10 5 Hz差频下权向量相位图
Figure 10. Weight vector phase diagram at 5 Hz difference frequency
图 12 浅海频差匹配场定位
Figure 12. Positioning of shallow water frequency difference matching field
图 14 浅海频差匹配场定位结果
Figure 14. Positioning results of shallow water frequency difference matching field
图 15 深海频差匹配场定位结果
Figure 15. Positioning results of deep-sea frequency difference matching field
图 16 基于相位匹配的深海频差匹配场定位结果
Figure 16. Positioning results of deep sea frequency difference matching field based on phase matching
表 1 浅海仿真环境参数
Table 1. Environment parameters of shallow water simulation
海深/m 海底声速/(m/s) 海底密度/(g/cm3) 海底衰减/(dB/λ) 75 1 668 1.806 0.692 
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表 2 深海仿真环境参数
Table 2. Deep sea simulation environment parameters
海深/m 海底声速/(m/s) 海底密度/(g/cm3) 海底衰减/(dB/λ) 6 370 2 000 1.8 0.1
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表 3 4种定位算法对比
Table 3. Comparison of four positioning algorithms
算法 频率 权向量 范围 实测数
据处理幅度权重 相位权重 宽带匹配场定位 带内频率 $p(\omega )$ $ \left| {p(\omega )} \right| $ $ \arg \left| {p(\omega )} \right| $ 浅海频差匹配场定位 带内频
率之下$A{_\Delta}(\omega ,\Delta \omega )$ $ \left| {p(\omega )} \right| $ $ \arg \left| {p(\omega )} \right| $ 深海频差匹配场定位 带内频
率之下$A{_\Delta}(\omega ,\Delta \omega )$ $ \left| {p(\omega )} \right| $ $ \arg \left| {A(\Delta \omega )} \right| $ 基于相位匹配的深
海频差匹配场定位带内频
率之下$A{_\Delta}(\omega ,\Delta \omega )$ 1 $ \arg \left| {A(\Delta \omega )} \right| $
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表 4 浅海定位算法偏移对比
Table 4. Deviation comparison of shallow water positioning algorithms
算法 深度偏移/m 距离偏移/km 常规匹配场定位 42 0.6 浅海频差匹配场定位 1.0 0.2
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表 5 深海定位算法偏移对比
Table 5. Deviation comparison of deep-sea positioning algorithms
算法 深度偏移/m 距离偏移/km 单个频
率/差频多个频率
/差频非相
干平均单个
差频多个频率
/差频非相
干平均常规匹配场定位 300 0 150 55 浅海频差匹配场定位 1 400 3 500 106 191 深海频差匹配场定位 0 0 0 0 基于相位匹配的深海
频差匹配场定位0 0 0 0
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