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空海跨域通信研究现状与发展趋势

商志刚 张红玉 刘凇佐 乔钢 于涵 苗柏露 马璐 王哲

商志刚, 张红玉, 刘凇佐, 等. 空海跨域通信研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2024, 32(4): 592-610 doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115
引用本文: 商志刚, 张红玉, 刘凇佐, 等. 空海跨域通信研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2024, 32(4): 592-610 doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115
SHANG Zhigang, ZHANG Hongyu, LIU Songzuo, QIAO Gang, YU Han, MIAO Bailu, MA Lu, WANG Zhe. Research Progress and Development Trend of Air-Sea Cross-domain Communication[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, 2024, 32(4): 592-610. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115
Citation: SHANG Zhigang, ZHANG Hongyu, LIU Songzuo, QIAO Gang, YU Han, MIAO Bailu, MA Lu, WANG Zhe. Research Progress and Development Trend of Air-Sea Cross-domain Communication[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, 2024, 32(4): 592-610. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115

空海跨域通信研究现状与发展趋势

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFC2810200); 科技委领域基金资助(KY10500220115); 国家重点实验室基金资助(KY10500220070); 深圳市科技计划资助(JSGG20220831103800001).
详细信息
    作者简介:

    商志刚(1986-), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为空海跨域通信组网、水下通信组网、跨域协同侦察探测、水下无人集群、嵌入式系统设计及水声仿真

  • 中图分类号: TJ6; U675.7

Research Progress and Development Trend of Air-Sea Cross-domain Communication

  • 摘要: 伴随着人们对空中与海洋之间实时通信和数据传输需求的日益增长, 研究稳健可靠的空海跨域通信技术非常重要。但是, 由于空气与海水2种介质的不同特性以及恶劣环境的影响, 使得空海跨域通信信道复杂多变, 平稳地穿过空-水界面面临重大困难。为了更好地了解空海跨域通信技术发展脉络, 文中对目前空海跨域通信研究进行了梳理与总结, 全面阐述了其工作环境及通信技术发展情况, 并将其分为空海跨域链路级直接通信和空海跨域中继通信两大类, 而后分别从研究现状、面临困难、拟解决方法等方面对其进行详细总结及分析。最后, 讨论了未来研究方向。文中所做研究可为带动空海跨域通信技术的发展提供助力。

     

  • 图  1  空海跨域通信技术分类

    Figure  1.  Classification of air-sea cross-domain communication technology

    图  2  光在水面的传播

    Figure  2.  The propagation of light on water surface

    图  3  跨空-水接口通信实验装置图以及调制过程

    注: FFT为快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform);IFFT为快速傅里叶逆变换 (inverse FFT);S/P为串行到并行;P/S为并行到串行;AWG为任意波发声器(arbitrary waveform generator);MSO为混合信号示波器(mixed-signal oscilloscopes)

    Figure  3.  Experimental setup diagram and modulation process for cross air-water interface communication

    图  4  扩散激光束系统实验装置

    Figure  4.  Experimental setup for diffusion laser beam system

    图  5  使用多个光源通过空-水接口进行通信

    Figure  5.  Communication through air water interface using multiple light sources

    图  6  跟踪系统的原理图

    Figure  6.  Schematic diagram of tracking system

    图  7  三向线圈三维仿真模型

    Figure  7.  Three-dimensional simulation model of tri-directional coil

    图  8  声波透射入水的射线表示

    Figure  8.  Ray representation of sound waves transmitted into water

    图  9  模拟引入粗糙气泡的模型示意图

    Figure  9.  Model diagram for simulating the introduction of rough bubbles

    图  10  岸基与海底间透地通信

    Figure  10.  Through-the-earth communication between shore and seabed

    图  11  跨域CVQKD应用场景图

    Figure  11.  Diagram of cross-domain CVQKD application scenario

    图  12  水下QKD实验原理图

    Figure  12.  Diagram of underwater QKD experiment

    图  13  充电的介子-中微子相互作用的探测方法示意图

    Figure  13.  Schematic diagram of detection method for charged meson neutrino interaction

    表  1  近年空海跨域光通信系统实验演示情况

    Table  1.   Recent experimental demonstrations of air-sea cross-domain optical communication systems

    文献 发射机 接收机 距离(空气/水)/m 数据率 水类型 调制方式 其他
    [3] LD APD 0/2 1.08 Gbit/s 静止 离散多音频调制 轨道角动量
    [18] LD SiPM <1 <110 kbit/s 静止
    [19] LD APD 5/21 5.5 Gbit/s 静止 32-QAM-OFDM 双向传输
    [20] VCSEL PD 50/5 256 Gbit/s 静止 PAM4 空分复用, 浑浊水
    [21] LD PD 100/10 500 Gbit/s 静止 PAM4
    [22] LD APD 8/3.6 2.2 Gbit/s 静止 GS-8QAM-OFDM
    [6] LD APD 3.5/2.3 44 Mbit/s 波动 4QAM-OFDM
    [24] LED UAV 10/10 波动 蒙特卡罗方法, 纯水
    [27] LED APD 0.6/0.3 43.7 Mbit/s 波动 4QAM-OFDM 浪高=15 mm
    [30] LD APD 0.5/0.5 1.5 Gbit/s 波动 4QAM-OFDM
    [31] LD PD 1.2/0.2 412 Mbit/s 波动 PAM SIMO
    [32] LD APD 8.8 400 Gbit/s 波动 WDM, PAM4 浑浊水
    [35] LD SiPM 0.33/0.17 4.2 Mbit/s 波动 脉冲位置调制 浪高=10~12 cm
    波束跟踪
    [36] LD PD 0.8/0.1 波动 PAM4 波束跟踪
    [28] LD+ED/GGD APD 2/2 1 Gbit/s
    注: SiPM为硅光电倍增管(silicon photomultiplier); VCSEL为垂直腔表面发射激光器(vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser); PD为光电二极管(photodiode); UAV为无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle); QAM为正交幅度调制(quadrature amplitude modulation)
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-06-19
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