空海跨域通信研究现状与发展趋势

商志刚; 张红玉; 刘凇佐; 乔钢; 于涵; 苗柏露; 马璐; 王哲

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115

空海跨域通信研究现状与发展趋势

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0115

商志刚^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
张红玉^{1, 2, 3,},
刘凇佐^{1, 2, 3, 4},
乔钢^{1, 2, 3, 4},
于涵^{1, 2, 3},
苗柏露^{1, 2, 3},
马璐^{1, 2, 3, 4},
王哲⁵

1.
哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室, 黑龙江哈尔滨, 150001
2.
工业和信息化部海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学), 黑龙江哈尔滨, 150001
3.
哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨, 150001
4.
哈尔滨工程大学三亚南海创新发展基地, 海南三亚, 572024
5.
复旦大学工程与应用技术研究院, 上海, 200438

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFC2810200); 科技委领域基金资助(KY10500220115); 国家重点实验室基金资助(KY10500220070); 深圳市科技计划资助(JSGG20220831103800001).

详细信息

作者简介:
商志刚(1986-), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为空海跨域通信组网、水下通信组网、跨域协同侦察探测、水下无人集群、嵌入式系统设计及水声仿真

中图分类号: TJ6; U675.7
计量
- 文章访问数: 308
- HTML全文浏览量: 89
- PDF下载量: 141
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-19
- 修回日期: 2024-07-27
- 录用日期: 2024-08-06

Research Progress and Development Trend of Air-Sea Cross-domain Communication

SHANG Zhigang^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
ZHANG Hongyu^{1, 2, 3
,},
LIU Songzuo^{1, 2, 3, 4},
QIAO Gang^{1, 2, 3, 4},
YU Han^{1, 2, 3},
MIAO Bailu^{1, 2, 3},
MA Lu^{1, 2, 3, 4},
WANG Zhe⁵

1.
National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
3.
College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
4.
Sanya Nanhai Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Sanya 572024, China
5.
Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

摘要

摘要: 伴随着人们对空中与海洋之间实时通信和数据传输需求的日益增长, 研究稳健可靠的空海跨域通信技术非常重要。但是, 由于空气与海水2种介质的不同特性以及恶劣环境的影响, 使得空海跨域通信信道复杂多变, 平稳地穿过空-水界面面临重大困难。为了更好地了解空海跨域通信技术发展脉络, 文中对目前空海跨域通信研究进行了梳理与总结, 全面阐述了其工作环境及通信技术发展情况, 并将其分为空海跨域链路级直接通信和空海跨域中继通信两大类, 而后分别从研究现状、面临困难、拟解决方法等方面对其进行详细总结及分析。最后, 讨论了未来研究方向。文中所做研究可为带动空海跨域通信技术的发展提供助力。
- 空海跨域通信 /
- 链路级直接通信 /
- 中继通信
Abstract: At present, there is an increasing demand for real-time communication and data transmission between the air and the sea. Therefore, it is important to study robust and reliable air-sea cross-domain communication technologies. However, due to the different characteristics of the two media and the impact of harsh environments, air-sea cross-domain communication channels are complex and varied, making it difficult to smoothly pass through the air-water interface. In order to better understand the development of air-sea cross-domain communication technologies, the current research on air-sea cross-domain communication was comprehensively summarized, and its working environment and development of communication technologies were explained. The technologies were divided into two categories: air-sea cross-domain link-level direct communication and air-sea cross-domain relay communication. Then, the research status, difficulties, and proposed solutions were summarized. Finally, future research directions were discussed. The research can help to promote the development of air-sea cross-domain communication technologies.
- air-sea cross-domain communication /
- link-level direct communication /
- relay communication

HTML全文

图 1 空海跨域通信技术分类

Figure 1. Classification of air-sea cross-domain communication technology

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图 2 光在水面的传播

Figure 2. The propagation of light on water surface

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图 3 跨空-水接口通信实验装置图以及调制过程

注: FFT为快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform)；IFFT为快速傅里叶逆变换 (inverse FFT)；S/P为串行到并行；P/S为并行到串行；AWG为任意波发声器(arbitrary waveform generator)；MSO为混合信号示波器(mixed-signal oscilloscopes)

Figure 3. Experimental setup diagram and modulation process for cross air-water interface communication

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图 4 扩散激光束系统实验装置

Figure 4. Experimental setup for diffusion laser beam system

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图 5 使用多个光源通过空-水接口进行通信

Figure 5. Communication through air water interface using multiple light sources

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图 6 跟踪系统的原理图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of tracking system

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图 7 三向线圈三维仿真模型

Figure 7. Three-dimensional simulation model of tri-directional coil

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图 8 声波透射入水的射线表示

Figure 8. Ray representation of sound waves transmitted into water

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图 9 模拟引入粗糙气泡的模型示意图

Figure 9. Model diagram for simulating the introduction of rough bubbles

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图 10 岸基与海底间透地通信

Figure 10. Through-the-earth communication between shore and seabed

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图 11 跨域CVQKD应用场景图

Figure 11. Diagram of cross-domain CVQKD application scenario

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图 12 水下QKD实验原理图

Figure 12. Diagram of underwater QKD experiment

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图 13 充电的介子-中微子相互作用的探测方法示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of detection method for charged meson neutrino interaction

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表 1 近年空海跨域光通信系统实验演示情况

Table 1. Recent experimental demonstrations of air-sea cross-domain optical communication systems

文献	发射机	接收机	距离(空气/水)/m	数据率	水类型	调制方式	其他
[3]	LD	APD	0/2	1.08 Gbit/s	静止	离散多音频调制	轨道角动量
[18]	LD	SiPM	<1	<110 kbit/s	静止	—	—
[19]	LD	APD	5/21	5.5 Gbit/s	静止	32-QAM-OFDM	双向传输
[20]	VCSEL	PD	50/5	256 Gbit/s	静止	PAM4	空分复用, 浑浊水
[21]	LD	PD	100/10	500 Gbit/s	静止	PAM4	—
[22]	LD	APD	8/3.6	2.2 Gbit/s	静止	GS-8QAM-OFDM	—
[6]	LD	APD	3.5/2.3	44 Mbit/s	波动	4QAM-OFDM	—
[24]	LED	UAV	10/10	—	波动	—	蒙特卡罗方法, 纯水
[27]	LED	APD	0.6/0.3	43.7 Mbit/s	波动	4QAM-OFDM	浪高=15 mm
[30]	LD	APD	0.5/0.5	1.5 Gbit/s	波动	4QAM-OFDM	—
[31]	LD	PD	1.2/0.2	412 Mbit/s	波动	PAM	SIMO
[32]	LD	APD	8.8	400 Gbit/s	波动	WDM, PAM4	浑浊水
[35]	LD	SiPM	0.33/0.17	4.2 Mbit/s	波动	脉冲位置调制	浪高=10~12 cm 波束跟踪
[36]	LD	PD	0.8/0.1	—	波动	PAM4	波束跟踪
[28]	LD+ED/GGD	APD	2/2	1 Gbit/s	—	—	—
注: SiPM为硅光电倍增管(silicon photomultiplier); VCSEL为垂直腔表面发射激光器(vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser); PD为光电二极管(photodiode); UAV为无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle); QAM为正交幅度调制(quadrature amplitude modulation)

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