Combined Homing Guidance Law of Torpedo Based on Fuzzy Control
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摘要: 在鱼雷自导导引过程中, 单一导引方法不能适应不同导引阶段, 难以有效保证鱼雷导引效果。为此, 文中结合固定提前角导引法、比例导引法以及变结构导引法等3种不同典型导引方法, 基于模糊控制原理, 设计出一种模糊组合导引律。通过在不同环境下的仿真对比, 结果表明, 模糊组合导引律的综合性能优于其他典型导引律, 可为鱼雷自导导引的实际应用提供借鉴。Abstract: In the process of torpedo homing guidance, it is difficult for a single guidance method to adapt to different guidance phases and ensure the torpedo guidance effect effectively. For this reason, this paper designs a fuzzy combined guidance law based on the principle of fuzzy control by combining three different typical guidance methods, namely, fixed lead angle guidance method, proportional guidance method, and variable structure guidance method. The results of simulation and comparison in different environments show that the comprehensive performance of the fuzzy combined guidance law is better than that of other typical guidance laws, which can provide reference for the practical application of torpedo homing guidance.
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Key words:
- torpedo /
- fuzzy control /
- guidance law
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图 1 鱼雷与目标相对运动关系图
Figure 1. Diagram of the relative motion of the torpedo and the target
图 3 目标非机动时鱼雷导引弹道对比曲线
Figure 3. Comparison of guided trajectory curves of the torpedo when the target is non-motorized
图 4 目标非机动时鱼雷法向指令加速度变化曲线
Figure 4. Curves of normal command acceleration of the torpedo when the target is non-motorized
图 5 目标机动时鱼雷导引弹道对比曲线
Figure 5. Comparison of guided trajectory curves of the torpedo when the target is motorized
图 6 目标机动时鱼雷法向指令加速度变化曲线
Figure 6. Curves of normal command acceleration of the torpedo when the target is motorized
表 1 常用自导导引方法优缺点
Table 1. Comparison table of advantages and disadvantages of commonly used guiding methods
导引方法 优点 缺点 追踪法 工程上极易实现 弹道弯曲, 浪费航程; 不能实现全向攻击, 只能命中目标尾部 固定提前角导引法 易于工程实现, 对制导信息精度要求较低 对机动目标跟踪效果较差 比例导引法 对机动目标跟踪效果较好; 拦截时间短 不能满足终端角约束 自动调整提前角导引法 对机动目标跟踪效果较好 只适用装备多波束自导装置鱼雷; 雷目较近时弹道弯曲程度大 最优导引法 对机动目标跟踪效果好; 满足终端角约束 鲁棒性差; 需要估计剩余导引时间 变结构导引法 对机动目标跟踪效果好; 鲁棒性好; 能满足终端角约束 所需制导信息种类较多; 对制导信息精度要求高; 拦截时间长 
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表 2 导引系数规则库
Table 2. Rule base for guidance coefficient
${W_A}$ ${W_B}$ ${W_C}$ r $\dot r$ r $\dot r$ r $\dot r$ P Z N P Z N P Z N PB PB PB PM PB Z Z PS PB Z Z Z PM PM PS PS PM PS PM PM PM Z Z PS PS PM PS Z PS PM PB PB PS PS PS PM Z Z Z Z Z PM PS Z Z PB PB PB
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表 3 不同语言变量隶属度函数的中心点和宽度
Table 3. Centroids and widths of the affiliation functions of different language variables
i $\mu \left( r \right)$ $\mu \left( {\dot r} \right)$ $\mu \left( {{W_A}} \right)$ $\mu \left( {{W_B}} \right)$ $\mu \left( {{W_C}} \right)$ $C_r^i\big/{\mathrm{m}}$ $\delta _r^i\big/{\mathrm{m}}$ $C_{\dot r}^i\big/{\mathrm{m}}$ $\delta _{\dot r}^i\big/{\mathrm{m}}$ $C_{{W_A}}^i$ $\delta _{{W_A}}^i$ $C_{{W_B}}^i$ $\delta _{{W_B}}^i$ $C_{{W_C}}^i$ $\delta _{{W_C}}^i$ 1 — [400, 500] — [0, 500] — [0.8, 1.0] — [0.8, 1.0] — [0.8, 1.0] 2 400 [300, 500] — [–1, 1] 0.7 [0.5, 0.9] 0.7 [0.5, 0.9] 0.7 [0.5, 0.9] 3 300 [200, 400] 0 [–500, 0] 0.4 [0.2, 0.6] 0.4 [0.2, 0.6] 0.4 [0.2, 0.6] 4 — [0, 300] — — — [0, 0.3] — [0, 0.3] — [0, 0.3]
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表 4 目标非机动时鱼雷法向指令加速度平均值和方差对比
Table 4. Comparison of mean and variance of normal command acceleration of the torpedo when the target is non-motorized
导引律 加速度平均值/(m/s2) 加速度方差/(m/s2)2 固定提前角导引律 −0.173 95 0.014 189 比例导引律 −0.068 08 0.058 802 变结构导引律 −0.051 23 3.364 590 模糊组合导引律 −0.364 49 0.543 573
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表 5 目标非机动时鱼雷脱靶量、速度交会角和拦截时间对比
Table 5. Comparison of off-target volume, velocity intersection angle and intercept time of the torpedo when the target is non-motorized
导引律 脱靶量/m 速度交会角/(°) 拦截时间/s 固定提前角导引律 0.097 2 37.496 0 89.04 比例导引律 0.011 5 11.950 3 83.42 变结构导引律 0.566 4 97.776 8 124.02 模糊组合导引律 0.061 4 89.866 8 97.16
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表 6 目标机动时鱼雷法向指令加速度平均值和方差对比
Table 6. Comparison of mean and variance of normal command acceleration of the torpedo when the target is motorized
导引律 加速度平均值/(m/s2) 加速度方差/(m/s2)2 比例导引律 −0.425 81 0.054 463 变结构导引律 −0.222 76 5.273 470 模糊组合导引律 −0.255 21 1.723 062
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表 7 目标机动时鱼雷脱靶量、速度交会角和拦截时间对比
Table 7. Comparison of off-target volume, velocity intersection angle and intercept time of the torpedo when the target is motorized
导引律 脱靶量/m 速度交会角/(°) 拦截时间/s 比例导引律 0.099 1 31.658 5 83.52 变结构导引律 0.139 5 90.265 8 175.68 模糊组合导引律 0.235 2 89.836 1 98.64
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