舰艇复合结构在冲击防护中的研究进展

张涛; 孙庆贞; 张磊; 李香梅

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0072

舰艇复合结构在冲击防护中的研究进展

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0072

武警海警学院机电管理系, 宁波 315800

基金项目: 武警海警学院学院校级项目.

详细信息

作者简介:
张涛：张　涛(1992—), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 仿生设计理论及制造; 船舶结构设计

中图分类号: U671.99
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- 文章访问数: 77
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-16
- 修回日期: 2024-07-09
- 录用日期: 2024-07-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-10

Current status of structural research in impact protection of naval structures

China Coast Guard Academy, Department of Electrical and Mechanical Management, Ningbo 315800, China

摘要

摘要: 随着现代海战威胁的日益复杂化, 舰艇的结构防护成为提升生存能力和战斗效能的关键。本文综述了舰艇冲击防护结构的研究进展, 特别是从传统均质防护结构向多层复合防护结构的演变。面对现代化高能量攻击, 如导弹和鱼雷, 传统的坚固钢板和合金材料已难以满足防护需求, 促使研究者转向复合材料及其夹层结构。通过采用陶瓷、金属、纤维增强材料和聚合物, 结合梯度设计、嵌入式设计、点阵结构和夹层技术等先进设计理念, 不仅实现了更优的抗冲击性能, 也实现了结构轻量化。文章还讨论了材料界面结合强度、结构复杂度及制造难度等挑战, 并指出极端冲击条件下层间结合不良可能导致材料层分离或破裂, 削弱防护效能。未来研究应聚焦于纳米材料、高分子材料和智能材料的开发, 以及多功能集成设计的实现, 强化防护结构的隐身、防探测和主动防御功能。同时, 强调仿真技术在设计优化和性能预测中的核心作用, 以及增材制造和激光加工技术在提高生产效率和产品质量中的潜力, 通过技术创新和材料研发有效提升复合防护结构的综合性能, 满足现代军事和民用领域对高性能防护材料的需求。
- 舰艇冲击防护 /
- 均质防护 /
- 多层复合防护 /
- 梯度复合结构
Abstract: As modern naval threats become increasingly complex, the structural protection of ships has become key to enhancing survivability and combat effectiveness. This paper reviews the research progress in ship impact protection structures, particularly focusing on the evolution from traditional homogeneous protection structures to multilayer composite protection structures. In the face of modern high-energy attacks such as missiles and torpedoes, traditional robust steel plates and alloy materials have become inadequate to meet protection needs, prompting researchers to turn to composite materials and their layered structures. By utilizing ceramics, metals, fiber-reinforced materials, and polymers, and integrating advanced design concepts such as gradient design, embedded design, lattice structures, and sandwich technologies, not only has superior impact resistance been achieved but also structural lightweighting. The article also discusses challenges related to the strength of material interfaces, complexity of structures, and manufacturing difficulties, noting that poor interlayer bonding under extreme impact conditions may lead to material layer separation or cracking, weakening the protective efficacy. Future research should focus on the development of nanomaterials, polymer materials, and smart materials, as well as the implementation of multifunctional integrated designs to enhance the stealth, anti-detection, and active defense functions of protective structures. It also emphasizes the central role of simulation technology in design optimization and performance prediction, as well as the potential of additive manufacturing and laser processing technologies to improve production efficiency and product quality. Through technological innovation and material development, the comprehensive performance of composite protective structures can be effectively enhanced, meeting the needs of modern military and civil sectors for high-performance protective materials.
- application Ship impact protection /
- Homogeneous protection /
- Multi-layer composite protection /
- Gradient composite structure

HTML全文

图 1 传统冲击防护结构

Figure 1. Traditional impact protection structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 传统多层复合防护结构

(a)铝合金/陶瓷/钛合金/凯夫拉/钛合金^[13]; (b)陶瓷/纤维增强材料^[14]; (c)SiC陶瓷/UHMWPE纤维板^[15]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同形式的复合防护结构

(a)梯度陶瓷复合结构; (b)三种镶嵌复合结构; (c)泡沫吸能复合结构; (d)预置预应力复合结构

Figure 3. Different forms of composite protective structures

(a) graded ceramic composite structure; (b) Three Mosaic composite structures; (c) foam energy-absorbing composite structure; (d) Prestressed composite structures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 点阵夹芯冲击防护结构

(a)受甲虫翅启发的点阵夹芯结构^[37]; (b)不同点阵结构的夹层板^[38]; (c)圆柱形点阵夹层结构^[39]; (d)功能梯度结构点阵夹层面板^[40]

Figure 4. Impact protection structure of the lattice sandwich

(a) Lattice sandwich structures inspired by beetle wings; (b) Sandwich panels of different lattice structures; (c) Cylindrical lattice sandwich structure; (d) Functional gradient structure lattice sandwich panel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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