Flow Field and Motion Characteristics of Trans-Medium Submersible during Take-off and Landing on Water Surface
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摘要: 为探究跨介质飞潜器水面起降过程流场结构演变及自身运动特性, 基于计算流体动力学数值仿真技术, 耦合流体体积多相流模型、剪切应力传输 k-ω 湍流模型、Schnerr-Sauer空化模型以及Stokes 5阶非线性波理论, 构建了飞潜器水面起降的数值计算方法。分别对静水环境下飞潜器水面起飞过程、有/无波浪环境下飞潜器水面降落过程进行数值仿真, 分析了各过程飞潜器动力学响应、载荷变化情况以及自由液面流场演化过程。结果表明: 在整个静水环境下水面起飞过程中飞潜器均能保持稳定的姿态, 其周围流场结构及自由液面演化均具有强对称性; 在水面降落过程中, 飞潜器及导管底部受到较大的反向砰击力, 导致飞潜器姿态出现一定程度的振荡, 在经过多次衰减波动后能够快速恢复平稳状态；而波浪的存在会加大触水时刻飞潜器所受到的砰击载荷, 加剧飞潜器姿态的振荡, 延后姿态最终恢复平稳时间。Abstract: In order to explore the evolution of the flow field structure and motion characteristics of the trans-medium submersible during the take-off and landing on water surface, the volume of fluid(VOF) multiphase flow model, the shear stress transfer(SST) k-ω turbulence model, the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model, and the Stokes fifth-order nonlinear wave theory were coupled to construct a numerical calculation method for the submersible during take-off and landing on water surface based on the numerical simulation technology of computational fluid dynamic(CFD). The take-off of the submersible on water surface in the static water environment, as well as its landing on water surface in the presence or absence of the wave was numerically simulated. The dynamic response, load change of the submersible, and the evolution of the flow field on free liquid surface in each process were analyzed. The results show that the submersible can maintain a stable attitude during the whole take-off process on water surface in a static water environment, and the flow field structure and free liquid surface evolution around it have strong symmetry. In the process of landing on water surface, the bottom of the submersible and the fairing are subjected to a large reverse attack force, making the submersible fluctuate to a certain extent, but it can quickly restore the steady state after several attenuation fluctuations. The existence of the wave will increase the attack load applied to the submersible at the moment of touching the water, aggravate the attitude fluctuation of the submersible, and delay the final recovery time of the attitude.
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Key words:
- trans-medium submersible /
- take-off and landing on water surface /
- dynamic /
- attack load
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图 4 静推仿真与试验结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison between simulation results and experiment results of static push
图 5 风洞仿真与试验结果对比
Figure 5. Comparison between simulation results and experiment results of wind tunnel
图 7 楔形体入水空泡形态试验与仿真结果对比
Figure 7. Comparison of experimental and simulation results of wedge water-entry cavitation
图 8 楔形体入水过程垂向位移时历曲线对比
Figure 8. Comparison of the time history curves of vertical displacement during wedge water-entry
图 11 t=10 s时刻计算域中波浪波高分布情况
Figure 11. The wave height distribution in the calculation domain at time t=10 s
图 12 x=2 m与x=4 m处波高时历曲线
Figure 12. The time history curves of wave height at x=2 m and x=4 m
图 13 波浪环境下浮体垂向运动响应数值仿真与试验对比
Figure 13. Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental vertical motion response of floating body in wave environment
图 14 起飞过程旋翼转速时历变化曲线
Figure 14. The time history curve of rotor speed during take-off process
图 15 飞潜器起飞过程自由液面演变
Figure 15. Free liquid surface evolution during submersible take-off process
图 16 飞潜器起飞过程俯仰角度时历曲线
Figure 16. The time history curve of submersible pitch angle during submersible take-off process
图 17 飞潜器起飞过程轴向速度及位移时历曲线
Figure 17. The time history curves of submersible axial velocity and displacement during submersible take-off process
图 18 飞潜器起飞过程旋翼截面流场发展
Figure 18. Fluid field evolution of rotor section during submersible take-off process
图 19 飞潜器起飞过程轴向加速度时历曲线
Figure 19. The time history curves of submersible axial acceleration during submersible take-off process
图 20 加速度峰值时刻自由液面演变结果
Figure 20. Evolution results of free liquid surface at peak acceleration time
图 21 降落过程旋翼转速时历变化曲线
Figure 21. The time history curve of rotor speed during landing process
图 22 飞潜器在静水环境下降落过程自由液面演变
Figure 22. Free liquid surface evolution during submersible landing process in a static water environment
图 23 飞潜器降落过程俯仰角度时历曲线
Figure 23. The time history curve of submersible pitch angle during landing process
图 24 触水后飞潜器俯仰姿态变化
Figure 24. Pitch attitude change of submersible after touching water
图 25 飞潜器降落过程轴向速度及位移时历曲线
Figure 25. The time history curves of submersible axial velocity and displacement during landing process
图 26 飞潜器降落过程轴向加速度时历曲线
Figure 26. The time history curves of submersible axial acceleration during landing process
图 27 特殊时刻自由液面演变及飞潜器表面压力分布
Figure 27. Evolution of free liquid surface and surface pressure distribution of submersible at special times
图 28 飞潜器在波浪环境下降落过程自由液面演变
Figure 28. Free liquid surface evolution during submersible landing process in wave environment
图 29 飞潜器俯仰角度时历曲线对比
Figure 29. Comparison of pitch angle time history curves of submersible
图 30 触水后飞潜器俯仰姿态变化对比
Figure 30. Comparison of pitch attitude change of submersible after touching water
图 31 飞潜器轴向位移及速度时历曲线对比
Figure 31. Comparison of time history curves of submersible axial displacement and velocity
图 32 飞潜器轴向加速度时历曲线对比
Figure 32. Comparison of axial acceleration time history curves of submersible
图 33 t=1.549 s时刻波面演变及飞潜器表面压力分布对比
Figure 33. Comparison of wave surface evolution and surface pressure distribution of submersible at t=1.549 s
表 1 不同网格分辨率设置及网格划分结果
Table 1. Different grid resolution settings and results of grid division
网格分辨率 基础网格尺寸/mm 网格数量 粗糙 14.0 195万 中等 10.0 349万 良好 7.5 609万 
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表 2 不同网格分辨率入水位移计算误差
Table 2. Calculation error of water-entry displacement with different grid resolution
t/s 计算误差/% 粗糙分辨率 中等分辨率 良好分辨率 0.038 1 7.47 7.29 7.09 0.087 4 3.80 3.53 3.27 0.151 2 2.64 2.31 2.04 0.222 6 3.99 3.60 3.32 0.296 7 4.61 4.20 3.93
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