Communication Technology of Far-Sea Cross-Domain Buoys Based on High Frequency Sky-Wave Propagation
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摘要: 由于短波天波传播受限于工作频率, 且满足高增益和适应高海况的天线尺寸较大, 使用场景严重受限。面向深远海科学探测信息的跨域远距离传输需求, 文中提出一种融合短波通信、水声通信与无人浮标特性的远海跨域浮标通信技术, 介绍了远海跨域传输浮标装置构成与工作原理，并设计了具体工作流程。通过设计可变长柔性短波天线与水冷散热一体化功放组件, 确保了天线增益高、海况适应强及可跨空水介质传输等优点。通过仿真分析表明, 所提出的通信方法可有效保证通信效果, 解决高海况、复杂干扰环境下短波信号的跨域远距离可靠通信问题, 为远海跨域通信的发展提供一定的技术支撑。Abstract: High frequency(HF) sky-wave propagation is limited by the working frequency, and the antenna size meeting high gain and adapting to high sea conditions is large, so the application scenario is seriously limited. For the demand of cross-domain long-distance transmission of far-sea science detection information, a cross-domain buoy communication technology integrating HF communication, underwater acoustic communication and unmanned buoy characteristic was proposed. The composition and working principle of far-sea cross-domain transmission buoy devices were introduced, and the working flow was designed. Through the design of a flexible HF antenna with variable length and integrated power amplifier components for water cooling and heat dissipation, the advantages of high antenna gain, strong adaptation to sea conditions, and cross-medium transmission were ensured. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed communication method can effectively guarantee the communication effect and achieve reliable cross-domain long-distance communication of HF signals in high sea conditions and complex interference environments, providing certain technical support for the development of maritime long-distance cross-domain communication.
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图 1 基于短波天波传播的远海跨域通信浮标组成示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the composition of the far-sea cross-domain buoy based on high frequency(HF) sky-wave propagation
图 2 变长柔性短波天线展开示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of flexible HF antenna unfolded with variable length
图 3 天线展开与保持装置组成示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the composition of the antenna deployment and holding device
图 4 一次性小型浮标短波发信流程
Figure 4. Flow chart of HF communication of the disposable small buoy
图 5 远海跨域通信浮标典型通信能力仿真图
Figure 5. Typical communication capability simulation diagram of the cross-domain communication buoy in the far-sea
表 1 可通信情况列表
Table 1. List of available situations
频率数 可通信时间/h 信噪比/dB 信噪比余量/dB 频率1 17 20~30 9~19 频率2 12 20~30 9~19 频率3 3 20~30 9~19 
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表 2 可通信情况统计列表
Table 2. Statistical list of available situations
岸台站点 p1 p2 时间/h 频率数 时间/h 频率数 1# 22 2 — — 3# 21 2 22 2 4# 22 2 22 2 5# 21 2 22 2 6# — — 22 2 7# — — 22 2 8# — — 22 2 9# — — 22 2
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