Numerical Calculation of Water Exit Process of Supercavitating Vehicles under Different Sailing Conditions
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摘要: 航行器出水过程极其复杂, 伴随着多相流、空化、相变及湍流不稳定性, 其所受作用力呈现强的非定常、非线性。国内外对航行器带空泡出水问题的研究, 多为航行器垂直或者倾斜出水, 关注点往往为航行器运动轨迹及姿态, 对超空泡航行器出水过程研究较少。文中基于STAR-CCM+软件, 采用重叠网格技术进行网格划分, 使用流体体积(VOF)多相流模型捕捉气液交界面, Schnerr-Sauer模型描述航行器周围的空化过程, 建立了航行器出水过程的数值计算模型。对航行器在不同航行条件(初始速度、初始水深、通气量)下的出水过程进行仿真计算, 得到了不同工况下的流场和空泡演化规律, 分析了超空泡航行器的流体动力特性与运动特性。仿真结果表明, 不同初始运动速度的航行器, 其水下运动呈现出2种不同的模式。不同水深下, 初始空化数不同, 在较深的水域航行器周围空泡更容易破裂, 加大通气量可有效改善空泡形态。Abstract: The water exit process of vehicles is very complicated, accompanied by multiphase flow, cavitation, phase transition, and turbulence instability, and the applied force is highly unsteady and nonlinear. At present, studies on the water exit problem of the vehicle with cavitation focus on the vertical or oblique water exit, emphasizing the trajectory and attitude of the vehicle. There are few studies on the water exit process of the supercavitating vehicle. In this paper, based on STAR-CCM+ software, overlapping grid technology was used for meshing, and the volume of fluid(VOF) model was used to capture the gas-liquid interface. The Schnerr-Sauer model described the cavitation process around the vehicle, and a numerical calculation model of the water exit process of the vehicle was established. The water exit process of the vehicle under different sailing conditions(initial velocity, initial water depth, and ventilation) was simulated and calculated, and the flow field and cavity evolution laws under different conditions were obtained. The hydrodynamic and kinematic characteristics of the supercavitating vehicle were analyzed. The simulation results show that the underwater motion of the vehicle with different initial velocities presents two different modes. Under different water depths, the initial cavity number is different. Cavity around the vehicle is more likely to rupture in deeper waters. The cavity morphology can be improved effectively by increasing the ventilation.
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Key words:
- supercavitating vehicle /
- water exit /
- overlapping grid
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图 2 不同空化数下航行器表面压力系数数值仿真与实验结果对比
Figure 2. Curves of Numerical simulation results and experimental results of the surface pressure coefficient of the vehicle under different cavitation numbers
图 4 不同网格数量下航行器轴向阻力随时间变化曲线
Figure 4. Curves of axial resistance of the vehicle varies with time under different mesh numbers
图 5 不同网格数量下航行器轴向速度随时间变化曲线
Figure 5. Curves of the axial velocity of the vehicle versus time with different number of grids
图 6 不同网格数量下航行器弹道变化曲线
Figure 6. Trajectory curves of vehicle with different number of grids
图 8 背景区域边界条件示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of boundary conditions of background region
图 9 航行器区域边界条件示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of boundary conditions of the vehicle region
图 10 不同初始速度下航行器质心出水时刻液相图
Figure 10. Liquid phase diagram of the center of mass for the vehicle at the moment of water exit under different initial velocities
图 11 不同初始速度下航行器典型时刻空泡图
Figure 11. Cavitation diagram of the vehicle at typical time at different initial velocities
图 12 不同初始速度下航行器典型时刻表面压力系数
Figure 12. Surface pressure coefficients of the vehicle under typical time under different initial velocities
图 13 不同初始水深下航行器质心出水时刻液相图
Figure 13. Liquid phase diagram of the center of mass for the vehicle at the moment of water exit under different initial water depths
图 14 不同初始水深下航行器典型时刻空泡图
Figure 14. Cavitation diagram of the vehicle at typical time under different initial water depths
图 15 不同初始水深下航行器典型时刻表面压力系数
Figure 15. Surface pressure coefficients of the vehicle at typical time under different initial water depths
图 16 不同通气量下航行器质心出水时刻液相图
Figure 16. Liquid phase diagram of the center of mass for the vehicle at the moment of water exit under different ventilation
图 17 不同通气量下航行器典型时刻空泡图
Figure 17. Cavitation diagram of the vehicle at typical time under different ventilation
图 18 不同通气量下典型时刻航行器表面压力系数
Figure 18. Surface pressure coefficient diagram of the vehicle at typical time under different ventilation flow
表 1 经验公式与仿真结果对比
Table 1. Comparison between empirical formula results and simulation results
参数 经验公式 仿真结果 误差/% 最大空泡半径/m 0.086 735 0.083 226 4.01 最大空泡长度/m 2.170 000 2.277 730 4.73 
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