Development Status and Trend of U.S. Equipment for Underwater Special Operations
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摘要: 近年来, 随着以美国为首的西方国家将战略重点由远洋转向近海, 近海的浅水水域成为各国的攻防重点, 配合着有人与无人协同的分布式作战背景, 水下特种作战平台开始扮演愈发重要的角色。文中以美国2024财年最新国防科研和采购预算为基础, 重点论述了水下系统项目中湿式蛙人输送艇、干式蛙人输送艇、干式甲板换乘仓、作战潜水装备、水下舟艇任务装备及小型无人水下航行器等水下特战装备的发展现状和研究趋势, 旨在为今后的水下特种装备研究提供有益参考。Abstract: In recent years, as the western countries led by the United States have shifted their strategic focus from ocean to offshore, offshore shallow waters have become the focus of attack and defense for countries. With the distributed combat background of manned and unmanned cooperation, underwater special operation platforms have begun to play an increasingly important role. This article was based on the latest national defense research and procurement budget for the US fiscal year 2024 and focused on the development status and research trends of equipment for underwater special operations such as swimmer delivery vehicle(SDV), dry combat submersible(DCS), dry deck shelter(DDS), combat diving (CBDIV), undersea craft mission equipment(UCME), and small undersea unmanned vehicle(SUUV)in underwater system projects, so as to provide useful references for future research on underwater special equipment.
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图 1 2022—2028财年美军水下特战项目科研预算曲线图
Figure 1. Research budget curves for US underwater special operations projects during the fiscal year 2022—2028
图 2 2022—2028财年美军水下系统项目各预算曲线图
Figure 2. Budget curves of US underwater systems projects during the fiscal years 2022—2028
图 3 MK 11外形结构示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the external structure of the MK 11 SDV
图 9 UOES3输送艇的前舱口内部示意图
Figure 9. Internal schematic diagram of the front hatch of UOES3 delivery boat
表 1 2022—2024财年美军水下特战项目科研经费预算表
Table 1. Budget table for research funds of US underwater special operations projects during the first year 2022—2024
单位: 万美元 项目 2022年 2023年 2024年 水下系统项目 4299.7 8830.9 12467.2 水面舰艇项目 1734.8 2433.6 3355.9 现总统总预算 6034.5 11264.5 15823.1 前总统总预算 6263.0 8264.5 13673.1 总调整额 −228.5 3000.0 2150.0 
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表 2 2022—2024财年美军水下系统项目科研经费预算详细表
Table 2. Detailed budget table for research funds of US underwater systems projects during the first year 2022—2024
单位: 万美元 项目 2022年 2023年 2024年 SDV 320.4 107.0 109.2 DCS 620.9 434.9 379.4 DDS 140.5 308.1 1242.3 CBDIV 290.5 324.9 461.7 UCME 1648.5 1271.1 1756.7 SUUV 92.9 — — CCL — — 226.7 机密项目
(含国会补充)1186.0 6384.9 8291.2 合计 4299.7 8830.9 12467.2
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表 3 2022—2024财年美军水下系统项目采购经费预算详细表
Table 3. Detailed budget table for the procurement of US underwater systems projects during the fiscal years
单位: 万美元 项目 2022年 2023年 2024年 SDV 526.9 1241.4 1263.5 DCS 424.4 1421.7 2469.9 DDS 1043.8 673.5 798.6 CBDIV 837.6 1752.0 1440.3 SUUV — 174.5 638.8 合计 2832.7 5263.1 6611.1
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