基于深度学习的水下爆炸关键信号识别方法

周稹先; 洪峰; 许伟杰; 张涛; 陈峰

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2023-0146

基于深度学习的水下爆炸关键信号识别方法

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2023-0146

周稹先^{1, 2},
洪峰¹,
许伟杰¹,
张涛¹,
陈峰¹

1.
中国科学院声学研究所东海研究站, 上海, 201815
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049

详细信息

作者简介:
周稹先(1999-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为水下爆炸信号处理

中图分类号: TJ63; U674
计量
- 文章访问数: 70
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-10
- 修回日期: 2023-12-27
- 录用日期: 2024-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-06

Deep Learning-Based Method for Key Signal Recognition during Underwater Explosions

1.
Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201815, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 水下爆炸试验采集的数据量庞大并掺杂大量无用数据, 为保护数据不受爆炸的影响, 试验时需要优先将关键数据识别并存储。针对此, 文中提出一种将特征提取方法和深度学习模型相结合的关键信号识别模型, 以提升对关键信号识别的准确率。首先, 研究了不同预处理方法对水下爆炸加速度信号趋势项的去除效果, 并用已有试验结果证明小波包分解法、经验模态分解法和高通滤波法可较好地提升模型的识别性能; 其次, 为使提取的特征更有利于区分爆炸段与非爆炸段, 提出一种针对水下爆炸加速度信号的基于类间方差比的特征提取方法, 基于水下爆炸实测加速度信号数据可知, 相比于Log Mel特征, 文中提出的特征用K-means方法分类准确率提升约4.92%; 最后, 引入添加SE-Res2Block模块的ECAPA-TDNN模型, 该模型具有更好的识别准确率, 以文中提出的特征作为输入, 识别准确率达99.31%。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 特征提取 /
- 深度学习 /
- 关键信号识别
Abstract: The amount of data collected from underwater explosion tests is enormous, which is mixed with a large amount of useless data. To protect the data from the effects of the explosion, it is crucial to prioritize the recognition and storage of key data during the test. In response to this, a key signal recognition model that combined feature extraction methods with deep learning models was proposed to improve the accuracy of key signal recognition. Firstly, different preprocessing methods for removing trend components from underwater explosion acceleration signals were studied. Existing test results demonstrated that wavelet packet decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, and high-pass filtering could significantly enhance the model’s recognition performance. Secondly, to make the extracted features more conducive to distinguishing between explosion and non-explosion segments, a feature extraction method based on the inter-class variance ratio for underwater explosion acceleration signals was proposed. According to the actual measured underwater explosion acceleration signal data, it was found that compared to Log Mel features, the proposed features improved classification accuracy by approximately 4.92% using the K-means method. Finally, the ECAPA-TDNN model incorporating the SE-Res2Block module was introduced, ensuring better recognition accuracy. With the proposed features as input, the recognition accuracy reached 99.31%.
- underwater explosion /
- feature extraction /
- deep learning /
- key signal recognition

HTML全文

图 1 水下爆炸加速度信号

Figure 1. Acceleration signal of underwater explosion

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图 2 水下爆炸实测加速度信号速度和位移时域图

Figure 2. Time domain of measured acceleration signal velocity and displacement of underwater explosion

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图 3 水下爆炸实测加速度信号频域冲击谱

Figure 3. Frequency domain impact spectrum of measured acceleration signal of underwater explosion

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图 4 Log Mel特征生成框图

Figure 4. The architecture of Log Mel feature

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图 5 关键信号识别整体框架

Figure 5. Overall framework of critical signal recognition

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图 6 水下爆炸数据集信号示例

Figure 6. Examples of signals in the dataset

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图 7 加噪20 dB后水下爆炸加速度信号

Figure 7. Underwater explosion acceleration signal after adding 20 dB noise

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图 8 50维Log Mel特征类间方差比得分

Figure 8. Score of 50-dimensional Log Mel feature's inter-class variance ratio

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图 9 改进前后三角滤波器组布放结果对比

Figure 9. Comparison of Filter Banks Before and After Improvement

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图 10 ECAPA-TDNN结构框图

Figure 10. The architecture of ECAPA-TDNN

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表 1 趋势项去除后加速度信号各评价指标对比

Table 1. Evaluation indicators of acceleration signal after trend item removal

算法名称	5 000点均值				加速度峰值 /V	速度峰值 /(V·s)	位移峰值 /(V·s²)
算法名称	速度起始 /(V·s)	速度结束 /(V·s)	位移起始 /(V·s²)	位移结束 /(V·s²)	加速度峰值 /V	速度峰值 /(V·s)	位移峰值 /(V·s²)
EMD法	4.36×10⁻⁶	7.96×10⁻⁴	3.47×10⁻⁸	1.08×10⁻³	2.93×10⁻¹	8.00×10⁻⁴	1.09×10⁻³
高通滤波法	1.39×10⁻⁵	1.41×10⁻⁵	1.73×10⁻⁷	3.70×10⁻⁵	3.00×10⁻¹	4.29×10⁻⁵	3.72×10⁻⁵
WPD法	2.99×10⁻⁶	2.86×10⁻⁶	3.96×10⁻⁸	7.00×10⁻⁶	3.02×10⁻¹	4.45×10⁻⁵	7.04×10⁻⁶
多项式拟合法	−3.19×10⁻⁷	−1.05×10⁻⁵	−8.17×10⁻¹⁰	1.37×10⁻⁷	3.09×10⁻¹	3.47×10⁻⁴	3.93×10⁻⁵
无处理	3.50×10⁻⁴	7.20×10⁻²	2.92×10⁻⁶	9.43×10⁻²	2.81×10⁻¹	7.24×10⁻²	9.52×10⁻¹

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表 2 2组实验数据在不同数据集的分布

Table 2. Distribution of two experimental data in different data sets

数据集	第1组	第2组	共计
训练集	6 400	12 864	19 264
验证集	1 600	3 820	4 820
测试集	1 000	2 572	3 572

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表 3 实验所用不同模型参数对比

Table 3. Parameters of models

模型	结构参数
CNN	Conv(C_in=1, C_out=4, k=5, s=2, p=1+ReLU+MaxPool(k=2, s=2)) Conv(C_in=4, C_out=16, k=5, s=2, p=1+ReLU+MaxPool(k=2, s=2)) Conv(C_in=16, C_out=32, k=3, s=2, p=1+ReLU+MaxPool(k=1, s=1)) Conv(C_in=32, C_out=64, k=3, s=2, p=1+ReLU+MaxPool(k=1, s=1)) Linear(64$ \times $32, 512)+ReLU+Linear(512, 32)+ReLU+Linear(32, 2)
LSTM	LSTM(input_dim=50, hidden_dim=128, layer_dim=4, output_dim=2)
ResNet18	ResNet18^[22](num_classes=2)
ECAPA-TDNN	ECAPA-TDNN^[24](num_classes=2)

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表 4 不同特征提取方法识别准确率对比

Table 4. Recognition accuracy comparison of different features extraction combination

预处理方法	准确率
EMD法	96.25%±0.05%
多项式拟合法	92.75%±1.54%
高通滤波法	96.34%±0.02%
WPD法	96.39%±0.05%
无处理	90.34%±1.22%

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表 5 50维特征识别准确率

Table 5. Recognition accuracy of 50-dimensional features

模型	准确率
模型	Log Mel特征	文中特征
ECAPA-TDNN	97.28%±0.02%	99.31%±0.09%
LSTM	96.45%±0.12%	97.83%±0.02%
ResNet18	96.78%±0.02%	97.16%±0.10%
CNN	96.39%±0.05%	96.40%±0.04%
SVM	96.39%±0.07%	96.72%±0.01%
KNN	96.50%±0.05%	96.56%±0.07%
K-means	73.80%±2.49%	78.72%±1.02%

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表 6 不同特征提取组合的识别准确率对比

Table 6. Recognition accuracy comparison of different features extraction combination

特征+模型	准确率
一维频谱(2 048维)+CNN_1d	93.75%±1.35%
PSD(2 048维)+CNN_1d	91.25%±2.24%
WPDE(41×12维)+ECAPA-TDNN	95.75%±0.35%
文中特征(41×50维)+ECAPA-TDNN	99.31%±0.09%

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