Analysis of Induced Current and Electromagnetic Safety of Bridge-Wire Electric Explosive Device
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摘要: 基于电磁场基本理论对桥丝式电引爆火工品等效天线的形成及其能量转化过程进行理论分析, 利用CST软件对强电磁脉冲作用下火工品中感应电流的形成进行仿真建模, 并利用验证后的模型分析了入射波信号、火工品引线布置形式及桥丝电阻等因素对感应电流的影响。研究结果表明, 入射波强度、频率、入射方向以及火工品等效天线的感应接收面积是感应电流的主要决定因素; 桥丝电阻和感应电流共同决定了耦合到火工品中的感应能量, 从电磁安全性角度出发, 电火工品承受连续电磁脉冲作用时间不得超过178 μs。文中研究可为武器装备火工品安全防护提供参考。Abstract: Based on the basic theory of electromagnetic fields, the formation of the equivalent antenna of an electric explosive device(EED) and its energy conversion process were analyzed, and CST software was used to simulate and model the formation of induced current in the EED under the action of strong electromagnetic pulses. After validating the model, the influence of factors such as incident wave signal, lead wire layout, and bridge-wire resistance on the induced current was studied. According to the results, the strength, frequency, and the direction of incident wave, as well as the inductive receiving area of the equivalent antenna of the EED were major factors determining induced current. Bridge-wire resistance and induced current jointly determine the induced energy coupled to the EED. From the perspective of electromagnetic safety, the duration of continuous electromagnetic pulse action on EED shall not exceed 178 μs. The research content has certain reference significance for the safety protection of EEDs in weapon systems.
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图 2 电火工品等效天线形成示意图
Figure 2. Formation of equivalent antennas for electric explosive device
图 6 电火工品桥丝感应电流典型波形图
Figure 6. Typical waveform of bridge-wire inducted current in electric explosive device
图 7 不同场强平面波作用下的桥丝感应电流
Figure 7. Induced currents in bridge wire under the action of plane waves with different electric field strengths
图 8 电磁波与引线平面作用效果示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the plane of lead wire
图 11 不同桥丝电阻下的感应电流
Figure 11. Induced currents of bridge wires with different resistances
图 12 引线短接状态下环形天线仿真结果
Figure 12. Simulation of the ring antenna with the short-circuit lead wires
图 13 GJB 1389B-2022中自由场电磁脉冲作用下感应电流
Figure 13. Induced current under the action of free field electromagnetic pulse specified in GJB 1389B-2022
表 1 不同入射波方向对感应电流的影响
Table 1. The influence of incident wave directions on induced currents
α/(°) β/(°) 感应电流峰值/mA 0 90 80 30 60 70 45 45 56 60 30 35 90 0 0 
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