潜艇非声探测技术综述

刘腾蛟; 王丹; 刘金国

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2023-0054

潜艇非声探测技术综述

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2023-0054

1.
沈阳建筑大学机械工程学院, 辽宁沈阳, 110168
2.
中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所, 辽宁沈阳, 110016

详细信息

作者简介:
刘腾蛟(2000-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为非声探潜、航空反潜

通讯作者:
刘金国(1978-), 男, 博导, 研究员, 主要研究方向为空间机器人与空间智能装备、公共安全机器人与无人平台、仿生可变形与可重构机器人

中图分类号: TJ630.34; U674
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- 文章访问数: 879
- HTML全文浏览量: 351
- PDF下载量: 290
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-12
- 修回日期: 2023-07-13
- 录用日期: 2023-07-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-14

Review of Non-Acoustic Detection Technologies of Submarines

1.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Liaoning 110168, China
2.
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China

摘要

摘要: 传统声学探潜技术由于作战环境的复杂化已逐渐受限, 与此同时, 非声探潜技术的重要性日益展现。文章分别介绍了磁异探潜技术、激光探潜技术、尾流探潜技术、电场探潜技术以及红外探潜等其他非声探潜技术, 详细描述了各种非声探潜技术的优势及其局限性, 并对非声探潜技术的发展趋势进行了展望, 旨在为研究非声探潜技术提供有益参考。
- 潜艇 /
- 非声探测 /
- 磁异探测 /
- 激光探测 /
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 尾流探测
Abstract: Due to the complexity of the combat environment, the traditional acoustic detection technologies of submarines are gradually limited, and the importance of non-acoustic detection technologies of submarines is increasingly shown. This article respectively introduced the magnetic anomaly detection technology, laser detection technology, wake detection technology, electric field detection technology, and other non-acoustic detection technologies of submarines, described the advantages and limitations of these technologies, and predicted their development trend, so as to provide a reference for the development of detection technologies of submarines.
- submarine /
- non-acoustic detection /
- magnetic anomaly detection /
- laser detection /
- synthetic aperture radar /
- wake detection

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图 1 3种磁异探测方式

Figure 1. Three types of magnetic anomaly detection

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图 2 开尔文尾迹

Figure 2. Kelvin wake

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表 1 AN/ASQ-81型磁探仪性能指标

Table 1. Performance index of AN/ASQ-81 megnetometer

探测目标	最大作用距离/m		定位误差/m
探测目标	深海	浅海	定位误差/m
常规潜艇	—	290	≤200
核潜艇	450	350	≤300

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表 2 典型激光水下探测系统

Table 2. Typical laser underwater detection system

探测系统	国别	飞行高度 /m	探测深度 /m
Sparta水下激光成像系统	美国	—	<50
SM2000水下激光成像系统	美国	—	45
“鹰眼”水下激光海洋探测系统	瑞典	—	70
LADSMK II水深测量系统	澳大利亚	500	0~70

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表 3 各种探潜技术对比分析

Table 3. Comparative analysis of various submarine detection technologies

探潜技术	优势	劣势
磁异探潜	① 定位精度较高 ② 执行能力强 ③ 受水文条件影响较低	① 磁场信号较弱 ② 磁场衰减迅速
激光探潜	① 探测方向性好 ② 定位较准确 ③ 透过性和准直度高 ④ 成像和测距效果较理想	水体对光的衰减较为严重, 经多次散射后, 很难找到激光原始信息
SAR探潜	① 定位精度高 ② 探测范围广 ③ 发现目标快 ④ 能在恶劣环境和黑夜中工作	SAR工作频段是微波频段, 微波很难穿透海水, 因此探测范围受限
电场探潜	① 极低频电磁波频率低、衰减小 ② 受海况和天气条件等影响较小	探测范围有限
红外探潜	① 隐蔽性高 ② 日夜均可使用	恶劣天气对其影响较大
重力梯度探潜	① 隐蔽性高 ② 对外界环境的敏感度小	尚处于理论阶段, 技术突破性难度较大
废气探潜	隐蔽性高	受风力等气象条件影响较大
核辐射探潜	① 核潜艇不可避免存在核辐射 ② 受气象和海况条件影响较小	技术尚未成熟

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