Research on Virtual Array Transform Method of Uniform Bicircular Array
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摘要: 针对在航空声呐系统有限空间内双圆环阵因孔径受限而导致的目标分辨力和空间分辨率不足的问题, 提出了一种可以实现双圆环阵孔径扩展的虚拟成阵方法。该方法利用双圆环阵模态域信号模型和双直线阵阵元域信号模型之间的关系, 设计了采样矩阵和相位旋转矩阵, 将均匀双圆环阵转换为均匀双直线阵。考虑了实际双圆环阵中的阵元位置误差、阵元间耦合、观察角度误差等的影响, 利用最小二乘准则提出了一种将实际双圆环阵近似转换为均匀双直线阵的优化模型, 并给出了迭代求解方法。与合成孔径方法相比, 该方法是对基阵阵列流形的一种预处理, 对使用过程中基阵的运动特性没有特殊要求; 与模态域转换方法相比, 该方法可以体现目标双直线阵的阵元间隔和两线阵间距, 充分利用了双直线阵相对于单直线阵的优势。仿真实验和水池实验结果表明, 双圆环阵的孔径得到了扩展, 虚拟阵波束图比双圆环阵波束图的主瓣更窄且旁瓣更低, 有效提高了目标分辨力和空间分辨率。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of insufficient target discrimination and spatial resolution caused by the limited aperture of a bicircular array in the aerial sonar system, a virtual array transform method that could expand the aperture of the bicircular array was proposed. In the proposed method, the relationship between the signal model of the bicircular array in the modal domain and that of the double linear array in the array element domain was analyzed, and the sampling matrix and phase rotation matrix were designed to transform the uniform bicircular array into a uniform double linear array. Then, the effects of array element position error, mutual coupling between array elements, and observation angle error in the actual bicircular array were considered. By using the least square criterion, an optimization model was proposed to approximate the actual bicircular array to a uniform double linear array. The iterative solution method was also given. Compared with the synthetic aperture method, the proposed method is a preprocessing of the array manifold and has no special requirements for the motion characteristics of the array in the actual application scene. Compared with the transform method in the modal domain, the proposed method can reflect the array element spacing and the spacing between two linear arrays of the double linear array and make full use of the advantages of the double linear array compared with the single linear array. The results of the simulation experiment and water tank experiment show that the aperture of the bicircular array is expanded; the main lobe of the virtual array beam pattern is narrower, and the sidelobe is lower than that of the bicircular array beam pattern, which effectively improves spatial resolution and target discrimination.
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Key words:
- bicircular array /
- virtual array /
- aperture expansion /
- spatial resolution /
- target discrimination
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图 3 仿真实验中均匀双圆环阵阵元位置
Figure 3. Element position of uniform bicircular array in simulation experiment
图 5 仿真实验中理想双圆环阵CBF波束图
Figure 5. Beam pattern of ideal bicircular array in simulation experiment using CBF method
图 6 仿真实验中理想双圆环阵SLC波束图
Figure 6. Beam pattern of ideal bicircular array in simulation experiment using SLC method
图 7 仿真实验中有误差双圆环阵的CBF波束图
Figure 7. Beam pattern of bicircular array with errors in simulation experiment using CBF method
图 8 仿真实验中有误差双圆环阵的SLC波束图
Figure 8. Beam pattern of bicircular array with errors in simulation experiment using SLC method
图 9 水池实验中实际双圆环阵阵元位置
Figure 9. Element position of actual bicircular array in water tank experiment
图 11 水池实验中实际双圆环阵CBF波束图
Figure 11. Beam pattern of actual bicircular array in water tank experiment using CBF method
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