材料密度对超空泡射弹尾拍特性的影响

黄宝珠; 李代金; 黄闯; 古鉴霄; 罗凯

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.202204014

材料密度对超空泡射弹尾拍特性的影响

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.202204014

西北工业大学航海学院, 陕西西安, 710072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51909218, 51805435)

详细信息

通讯作者:
李代金(1980-), 男, 教授, 博导, 主要从事水下动力推进、超空泡技术方面的教学和科研工作

中图分类号: TJ630.1; O352
计量
- 文章访问数: 307
- HTML全文浏览量: 76
- PDF下载量: 47
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-21
- 修回日期: 2022-05-18
- 录用日期: 2023-01-06

Effect of Material Density on the Tail-slapping Characteristics ofSupercavitating Projectiles

School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

摘要

摘要: 水下超空泡射弹的尾拍运动对其弹道稳定性和作战效能具有重要影响, 为研究不同材料密度对射弹尾拍运动特性的影响, 采用动网格移动计算域技术, 建立了超空泡射弹数值计算方法和模型, 分别计算分析了铝合金、结构钢及钨合金3种不同材料超空泡射弹的弹道特性与流体动力特性, 获得了材料密度对射弹尾拍运动的影响规律。结果表明: 在出膛动能一定的条件下, 不同材料密度的射弹攻角、俯仰角速度和流体动力参数均呈周期性变化; 材料密度越大, 射弹尾拍运动周期越长, 速度衰减越慢, 对垂直方向速度影响越小。对比3种材料的射弹, 采用结构钢材质的射弹表现出更为优良的弹道性能。
- 水下超空泡射弹 /
- 材料密度 /
- 尾拍运动 /
- 流体动力特性
Abstract: Generally, the tail-slapping motion of underwater supercavitating projectiles has a significant impact on their ballistic stability and operational performance. In this study, a numerical model of such supercavitating projectiles integrating a dynamic mesh is established to investigate the impacts of the tail-slapping characteristics of supercavitating projectiles under different material densities. Moreover, the ballistic and hydrodynamic characteristics of projectiles using aluminum alloys, structural steels, and tungsten alloys are scrutinized. Consequently, the attack angle, pitch angular velocity, and hydrodynamic coefficient of the tail-slapping motion of the projectile are found to demonstrate periodic changes with the material density under a given export kinetic energy. Additionally, the greater the material density, the longer the period of tail slapping; the slower the speed decay, the smaller the impact on the vertical speed of the projectile. Interestingly, the structural steel projectile demonstrates the best ballistic performance among the three candidate materials.
- supercavitating projectile /
- material density /
- tail-slapping motion /
- hydrodynamic characteristics

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图 1 水下超空泡射弹尾拍运动示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of underwater supercavitating projectile tail-slapping

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图 2 超空泡射弹模型

Figure 2. Supercavitating projectile model

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图 3 弹身附近网格

Figure 3. Local mesh near the body of the projectile

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图 4 计算域和边界条件设置

Figure 4. Computational domain and boundary condition setting

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图 5 Hurbes试验模型几何特征

Figure 5. Geometric characteristics of the Hurbes test model

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图 6 970 m/s空泡外形的数值仿真与试验数据的对比

Figure 6. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental data of 970 m/s bubble profile

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图 7 不同精度网格模型射弹阻力系数对比图

Figure 7. Comparison of drag coefficient of different precision grid model

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图 8 钨合金射弹尾拍动态过程

Figure 8. Motion process of tungsten alloy projectile tail-slapping

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图 9 铝合金射弹尾拍动态过程

Figure 9. Motion process of aluminum alloy projectile tail-slapping

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图 10 不同材料密度射弹攻角随时间变化曲线

Figure 10. Attack angle under different material densities versus time

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图 11 不同材料密度下射弹俯仰角速度随时间变化曲线

Figure 11. Angular velocities of pitch angle under different material densities versus time

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图 12 不同材料密度下射弹速度与尾拍运动周期对应关系曲线

Figure 12. The curves of correspondence between projectile velocity and tail-slapping period under different material densities

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图 13 射弹动能随时间变化曲线

Figure 13. The variation curves of kinetic energy of projectile versus time

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图 14 垂直方向速度随时间变化曲线

Figure 14. The variation curves of vertical velocity versus time

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图 15 不同材料密度下质心位移变化曲线

Figure 15. The variation curves of centroid trajectories under different material densities

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图 16 不同材料密度下阻力系数变化曲线

Figure 16. The variation curves of drag coefficient under different material densities

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图 17 不同材料密度下升力系数变化曲线

Figure 17. The variation curves of lift coefficient under different material densities

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图 18 不同材料密度下俯仰力矩系数变化曲线

Figure 18. The variation curves of pitching moment coefficient under different material densities

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表 1 超空泡射弹主要外形参数

Table 1. The main shape parameters of the supercavitating projectile

L/mm	D_n/mm	L_a/mm	L_c/mm	D_c/mm	L_G/mm
608.00	11.88	516.80	91.20	76.00	181.79

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表 2 数值仿真与试验数据点偏差值表

Table 2. Table of the deviations of numerical simulation and experimental data points

x/L_b	r/D_n		相对偏差值/%
x/L_b	Hurbes试验	数值计算	相对偏差值/%
0.1	2.2	2.3	4.5
0.4	4.1	4.2	2.4
1.0	6.3	6.5	3.2
1.3	7.0	7.2	2.9

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表 3 各材料密度射弹参数表

Table 3. Table of the parameters of the projectiles under different material densities

射弹材料	密度/(kg·m³)	质量/kg	X轴转动惯量/(kg·mm²)	Y轴转动惯量/(kg·mm²)	Z轴转动惯量/(kg·mm²)
铝合金	2 700	3.61	1 889.89	65 482.18	65 482.18
结构钢	7 800	10.49	5 494.69	190 383.36	190 383.36
钨合金	19 000	25.39	13 299.25	460 800.49	460 800.49

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表 4 不同材料射弹阻力系数

Table 4. Drag coefficient under different materials

射弹材料	平均阻力系数
铝合金	0.023 6
结构钢	0.023 6
钨合金	0.023 9

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