A Modeling Method of Ship Acoustic Wake Echo Signal
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摘要: 通过声尾流回波信号模型构建仿真数据是研究舰船尾流的重要方式。文中针对已有模型忽略单个气泡散射回波的不足, 提出了一种分区域点散射模型。该模型首先依据不同舰船尺寸、航行速度和海况确定尾流几何模型, 进而根据气泡尺寸分布划分尾流为不同散射区域; 然后根据收发平台的波束宽度、位置和发射角度确定尾流自导系统作用范围; 最后划分尾流自导系统作用范围为有限散射单元, 综合考虑传播损失后根据点散射模型计算尾流散射回波信号。仿真和水箱实验结果表明, 文中所提模型可用于舰船尾流仿真, 并为进一步开展尾流检测和识别提供支撑。Abstract: It is an important way to study the ship wake by building simulation data through the acoustic wake echo signal model. At present, the scattering echo of a single bubble is ignored in the existing models. Therefore, a point scattering model for different regions was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the wake geometry model was determined according to the ship size, speed, and sea condition, and then the wake was divided into different scattering regions according to the bubble size distribution(BSD). The range of the wake homing system was determined according to the beam width, position, and launch angle of the transmitting and receiving platform. Finally, the range of the wake homing system was divided into finite scattering elements, and the scattering echo signal was calculated according to the point scattering model after considering the propagation loss. The results of simulation and water tank experiments show that the model can be used in ship wake simulation and provide support for further wake detection and identification.
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图 6 声源垂直和倾斜60°向上发射信号时不同尾流阶段散射回波
Figure 6. Scattering echoes at different wake stages when the acoustic source emits signals vertically and at an angle of 60° upward
图 8 分区域点散射法和能量学方法构建尾流散射回波的时域和频域对比图
Figure 8. Time-domain and frequency-domain comparisons of wake scattering echoes constructed by point scattering method for different regions and energetics method
图 10 水箱实验采集和仿真得到的散射回波
Figure 10. Scattering echoes obtained from water tank experiments and simulations
图 11 实验和仿真散射回波信号频谱
Figure 11. Experiment and simulation of scattering echo signal spectrum
表 1 实验和仿真回波信号的平均幅度和时宽
Table 1. Average amplitude and duration of experimental and simulated echo signals
条件 实验 仿真 平均幅度/Pa 时宽/ms 平均幅度/Pa 时宽/ms A 23.96 0.7 24.5 0.69 B 5.28 1.85 6.25 1.82 C 3.52 1.89 3.45 1.83 
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