水下滑翔机变浮力装置热力学仿真分析

赵宏昌; 黄桥高; 刘静

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.202109015

水下滑翔机变浮力装置热力学仿真分析

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.202109015

西北工业大学航海学院无人水下运载技术重点实验室, 陕西西安, 710072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51979226); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(3102019HHZY030019、3102020HHZY030018)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵宏昌(1998-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为水下航行器总体设计

通讯作者:
黄桥高(1983-), 男, 工学博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为水动力学

中图分类号: U674.941; TK123
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- 文章访问数: 322
- HTML全文浏览量: 74
- PDF下载量: 44
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-25
- 修回日期: 2022-03-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-15

Thermodynamic Simulation Analysis of Variable Buoyancy Device for Underwater Gliders

Key Laboratory of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

摘要

摘要: 水下滑翔机变浮力装置在工作时其驱动电机和泵产生的热量会对其内部结构产生影响, 导致装置无法正常运行。针对这一问题, 采用有限元方法, 建立了变浮力装置热力学仿真模型, 先对变浮力装置的活塞在理想匀速运动状态时在不同海水深度下到达热平衡时的温度场分布进行了仿真计算, 获得了变浮力装置的温度随海水深度的变化规律。结果表明: 在所选不同海水深度的工况中, 海水深度为500 m时温度最低, 在海面时温度最高; 在海面处和100 m海深时, 变浮力装置到达热平衡时的最高温度存在于右侧活塞上, 分别为31.49℃和26.90℃, 在所选其他海水深度的工况下装置到达热平衡时的最高温度均存在于泵模型的压盖上。文中同时对不同电机转速到达热平衡时的温度场分布进行了仿真, 获得了1 500 m海深下变浮力装置温度随电机转速的变化规律, 可知电机转速为5 000 r/min时, 装置到达热平衡时的温度最高, 为40.95℃, 存在于泵模型的压盖上。根据仿真结果获得了该装置运行时温度较高的位置, 为判别装置工作时由于温度过高而影响关键部件正常运行的可能性提供参考。
- 水下滑翔机 /
- 变浮力装置 /
- 热力学仿真 /
- 温度场
Abstract: The heat generated by its driving motor and pump affects the internal structure of the device when a variable-buoyancy device on an underwater glider is operating, thus posing risks to its normal operation. To address this problem, the finite element method was used to establish a thermodynamic simulation model of the variable-buoyancy device. The temperature field distribution of the piston of the device in the ideal uniform motion state at the points where it reaches thermal equilibrium at different water depths was simulated. Moreover, the temperature characteristics of the variable buoyancy device change with water depth were obtained. The results show that among the selected working conditions with different water depths, the temperature reached its lowest at a water depth of 500 m and was highest at the sea surface. At the sea surface and depth of 100 m, the highest temperatures of the device at thermal equilibrium were found on the right piston, which were 31.49 and 26.90°C respectively. Under other working conditions, the highest temperatures of the device at thermal equilibrium were found in the gland of the pump model. Furthermore, the temperature field distribution of the variable buoyancy device at the points when it reaches thermal equilibrium at a depth of 1 500 m at different motor speeds was simulated, and the temperature characteristics of the variable buoyancy device changing with motor speed were obtained. The results show that among the selected working conditions with different motor speeds, the temperature of the device at thermal equilibrium reached its highest, which is 40.95℃, when the motor speed was 5 000 r/min and was found on the gland of the pump model. The simulation results indicate the high-temperature locations of the device during operation, thereby providing an important reference for analyzing whether key parts of the variable buoyancy device cannot operate properly because of overheating.
- underwater glider /
- variable buoyancy device /
- thermodynamic simulation /
- temperature field

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图 1 变浮力装置结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of variable buoyancy device

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图 2 网格划分

Figure 2. Mesh generation

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图 3 海水温度随海水深度变化曲线

Figure 3. Curve of sea temperature changing with water depth

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图 4 变浮力装置在不同海水深度下的温度场云图

Figure 4. Contours of temperature field of variable buoyancy device at different water depths

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图 5 热平衡时各点温度随海水深度变化曲线

Figure 5. Curves of temperature at various points during thermal equilibrium changing with water depth

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图 6 不同电机转速下装置到达热平衡时温度场云图

Figure 6. Contours of temperature field of the device at thermal equilibrium at different motor speeds

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图 7 热平衡时各点温度随电机转速变化曲线

Figure 7. Curves of temperature at various points during thermal equilibrium changing with motor speed

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表 1 海水温度与海水深度样本点

Table 1. Sample points of sea temperature and water depth

海水深度/m	海水温度/℃	海水深度/m	海水温度/℃
0	30	1 000	5
100	25	1 200	4
500	10	1 500	3

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表 2 海水密度、压力与海水深度样本点

Table 2. Sample points of seawater density, pressure and water depth

海水深度 /m	海水密度 /(kg·m⁻³)	海水压力 /MPa
0	1 021.00	0.10
100	1 023.48	1.00
500	1 031.71	5.06
1 000	1 034.59	10.14
1 200	1 035.54	12.18
1 500	1 037.04	15.24

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表 3 海水深度对泵和电机生热率边界条件的影响

Table 3. Influence of water depth on the boundary conditions of heat generation rate of the pump and the motor

海水深度 /m	泵输出功率 /kW	泵输入功率 /kW	泵发热量 /W	泵生热率 /(W·mm⁻³)	电机输出功率 /kW	电机输入功率 /kW	电机发热量 /W	电机生热率 /(W·mm⁻³)
0	0.016 7	0.017 0	0.340 1	1.26×10⁻⁶	0.018 7	0.019 1	0.381 8	1.43×10⁻⁷
100	0.166 7	0.170 1	3.401 4	1.26×10⁻⁵	0.187 1	0.190 9	3.817 9	1.43×10⁻⁶
500	0.843 3	0.860 5	17.210 9	6.36×10⁻⁵	0.946 6	0.965 9	19.318 3	7.24×10⁻⁶
1 000	1.690 0	1.724 5	34.489 8	1.28×10⁻⁴	1.896 9	1.935 7	38.713 0	1.45×10⁻⁵
1 200	2.030 0	2.071 4	41.428 6	1.53×10⁻⁴	2.278 6	2.325 1	46.501 5	1.74×10⁻⁵
1 500	2.540 0	2.591 8	51.836 7	1.92×10⁻⁴	2.851 0	2.909 2	58.184 1	2.18×10⁻⁵

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表 4 电机转速对泵和电机生热率边界条件的影响

Table 4. Influence of motor speed on the boundary conditions of heat generation rate of the pump and the motor

转速 /(r·min⁻¹)	泵输出功率 /kW	泵输入功率 /kW	泵发热量 /W	泵生热率 /(W·mm⁻³)	电机扭矩 /(n·m)	电机输出功率 /kW	电机输入功率 /kW	电机发热量 /W	电机生热率 /(W·mm⁻³)
1 000	0.895 5	0.913 8	18.275 1	6.80×10⁻⁵	9.599	1.005 1	1.025 6	20.512 9	7.70×10⁻⁶
2 000	2.236 1	2.281 8	45.635 4	1.69×10⁻⁴	11.985	2.509 9	2.561 2	51.223 4	1.92×10⁻⁵
3 000	2.855 5	2.913 8	58.275 1	2.15×10⁻⁴	10.203	3.205 1	3.270 5	65.410 8	2.45×10⁻⁵
4 000	4.214 8	4.300 8	86.016 2	3.18×10⁻⁴	11.295	4.730 9	4.827 4	96.548 8	3.62×10⁻⁵
5 000	4.722 8	4.819 1	96.382 7	3.56×10⁻⁴	10.125	5.301 0	5.409 2	108.184 6	4.06×10⁻⁵
6 000	3.656 2	3.730 8	74.615 9	2.76×10⁻⁴	6.532	4.103 9	4.187 6	83.752 5	3.14×10⁻⁵

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