军用UUV发展方向与趋势(上)——美军用无人系统发展规划分析解读

钱 东; 赵 江; 杨 芸

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2017.01.001

军用UUV发展方向与趋势(上)——美军用无人系统发展规划分析解读

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2017.01.001

钱东¹,
赵江¹,
杨芸²

1.
海军装备研究院, 北京, 100161
2.
中国船舶重工集团公司第705研究所, 陕西西安, 710077

详细信息

作者简介:
钱东(1958-), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 长期从事鱼雷武器系统总体技术研究.

中图分类号: E925.2; TP242.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 3120
- HTML全文浏览量: 64
- PDF下载量: 5466
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-02-10
- 修回日期: 2017-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2017-04-20

Development Trend of Military UUV(Ⅰ): A Review of U.S. Military Unmanned System Development Plan

1.
Naval Armament Academy, Beijing 100161, China
2.
The 705 Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Corporation, Xi′an 710077, China

摘要

摘要: 美国国防部(DoD)于2007～2013年间, 连续发布了4版《无人系统(一体化)路线图》, 提出了空中、海上、地面无人系统未来25年一体化发展战略规划, 着重强调了各类无人系统跨域协同作战能力和通用技术。此后, DoD相关组织和各军种也分别发布了一系列具有军种特色的无人系统研究报告, 其中, 美海军在2016年最新发布的《2025年自主水下航行器需求》报告中提出了海床战、反AUV战等新兴作战概念; 美国防科学委员会(DSB)的《自主性》报告详细阐述了加速采用自主性技术的实施建议; DSB在《下一代无人水下系统》报告中建议重点发展可大量部署的低成本水下无人系统, 以保持和增强美国的水下优势。文章对以上报告进行了解读和分析, 重点介绍了新的UUV分类分级方法、美海军UUV任务需求的变化、DoD无人系统采办现状及策略, 详细阐述了UUV互操作性、自主性、通信、高级导航、有人-无人系统编组、持久韧性、武器化等关键技术领域, 描述了部队面临的后勤保障、训练、兵力结构等关键问题, 介绍了推动UUV发展的一些新兴技术, 展望了UUV的未来发展趋势, 提出了相关发展观点, 指出: 应积极探索新的无人系统作战理念和装备发展理念; 抓住体系作战、低成本、互操作与模块化等关键问题; 建立统一的无人系统顶层管理机构和组织; 探索军民融合产业模式下的UUV采办新模式、新型保障模式和保障策略; 同步开展无人系统作战运用研究。
- 无人系统 /
- 无人水下航行器(UUV) /
- 任务需求 /
- 武器采办 /
- 互操作性 /
- 自主性
Abstract: The Department of Defense(DoD) of the United States had published four editions of Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap during 2007~2013 to present the integrated development strategy and plan of unmanned aircraft systems(UASs), unmanned maritime systems(UMSs), and unmanned ground systems(UGSs) for future 25 years with emphases on the cross-domain cooperative combat capability of various unmanned systems and the common technologies. Subsequently, some DoD organizations and military services released a series of research reports on unmanned systems. In 2016, U.S. Navy submitted the report Autonomous Undersea Vehicles Requirement for 2025 to the congress, in which some new concepts, such as Seabed Warfare and Counter-AUV Warfare, were proposed. The Defense Science Board(DSB) provided detailed recommendations in its study report Autonomy for accelerating adoption of autonomous technology. A DSB task force suggested in its report Next-Generation Unmanned Undersea Systems that the low-cost unmanned undersea systems which could be deployed in large numbers should be greatly developed to maintain and enhance the American undersea advantage. This paper reviews the above reports, introduces the new classification method for UUVs and the change of UUV mission requirement of U.S. Navy, and describes in detail some critical technology domains of UUV, such as interoperability, autonomy, communication, advanced navigation, manned-unmanned (MUM) teaming, persistent resilience, and weaponry. The issues about logistics and sustainment of UUV, training, and force structure are discussed. Development trend of UUVs is outlined. And some viewpoints on UUV development are described. As a result, suggestions are offered that the concepts of operation and development of UUV should be explored; the most important aspects of UUV development and employment should be taken as system of systems (SoS) based on operation, low cost, interoperatability and modularity, etc.; top organization for governing all unmanned systems should be established; new acquisition procedure of UUV in civil and military integration mode, as well as new sustainment mode and strategy, should be explored; and UUV concept of employment should be investigated simultaneously with the development of UUV technologies.
- unmanned system /
- unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) /
- mission requirement /
- weapon acquisition /
- interoperability /
- autonomy

HTML全文

参考文献(30)

[1]	United States Department of Defense. Unmanned Systems Roadmap FY2007-2032[R]. U.S.: United States Department of Defense, 2007.
[2]	United States Department of Defense. Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap FY2009-2034[R]. U.S.: United States Department of Defense, 2009.
[3]	United States Department of Defense. Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap FY2011-2036[R]. U.S.: United States Department of Defense, 2011.
[4]	United States Department of Defense. Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap FY2013-2038[R]. U.S.: United States Department of Defense, 2013.
[5]	United States Navy. Autonomous Undersea Vehicle Requirement for 2025[R]. U.S.: United States Department of Defense, 2016.
[6]	Defense Science Board. Autonomy[R]. US: Office of the Secretary of Denfense, 2016.
[7]	Defense Science Board. Next-Generation Unmanned Undersea Systems[R]. U.S.: Office of the Secretary of Denfense, 2016.
[8]	国防大学科研部．路线图——一种新型战略管理工具[M]. 北京: 国防大学出版社, 2009.
[9]	United States Navy. The Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Master Plan[R]. U.S.: Department of the Navy, 2000.
[10]	United States Navy. The Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Master Plan [R]. U.S.: Department of the Navy, 2004.
[11]	钱东, 孟庆国, 薛蒙, 等. 美海军UUV的任务与能力需求[J]. 鱼雷技术, 2005, 13(4): 7-12. Qian Dong, Meng Qing-guo, Xue Meng, et al. Require-ments for Task and Capability of the US Navy Unmanned Underwater Vehicles[J]. Torpedo Technology, 2005, 13(4): 7-12.
[12]	白建才. 论冷战期间美国的“隐蔽行动”战略[J]. 世界历史, 2005(5): 56-66, 144.
[13]	苏森, 唐雪飞. 开放系统中的互操作性[J]. 计算机应用, 1997, 17(6): 4-7. Su Sen, Tang Xue-fei. The Interoperability in Open Systems[J]. Computer Applications, 1997, 17(6): 4-7.
[14]	高阜乡, 马超, 欧有远. 军事电子信息系统互操作性测评研究综述[J]. 中国电子科学研究院学报, 2009, 4(1): 19-25. Gao Fu-xiang, Ma Chao, Ou You-yuan. Research Summary of Interoperability Evaluation of Military Electronic Information System[J]. Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, 2009, 4(1): 19-25.
[15]	马东堂. 军事信息系统的互操作性研究[J]. 指挥控制与仿真, 2009, 31(4): 12-14. Ma Dong-tang. Research on the Interoperability of Military Information Systems[J]. Command Control & Simulation, 2009, 31(4): 12-14.
[16]	OPNAV Instruction 9410.5A. Interoperability Requirements, Testing, and Certification[R]. U.S.: Department of the Navy, 1996.
[17]	钱东, 赵江. 关于战术、技术与程序的思考与启示[J]. 鱼雷技术, 2015, 23(4): 241-256. Qian Dong, Zhao Jiang. Discussion on Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures[J]. Torpedo Technology, 2015, 23(4): 241-256.
[18]	陈博, 刘新盛, 高阜乡. 军事信息系统互操作性等级模型研究[J]. 现代电子技术, 2008(3): 24-26. Chen Bo, Liu Xin-sheng, Gao Fu-xiang. Research on Interoperability Models of Military Information System[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2008(3): 24-26.
[19]	Software Development Process Projects. STANAG 4586[R/OL]. Software Development Process Projects. [2016-12-1]. http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/ cdl-systems/about-us/stanag-4586.html.
[20]	曾佳, 黄永葵, 马滢, 等. 无人机系统互操作性标准研究[J]. 航空电子技术, 2011, 42(2): 50-54. Zeng Jia, Huang Yong-kui, Ma Ying, et al. Research on Interoperability Standards of Unmanned Aerial System[J]. Avionics Technology, 2011, 42(2): 50-54.
[21]	钱东, 崔立. 开放系统——鱼雷和UUV设计的方向[J]. 鱼雷技术, 2007, 15(2): 1-7. Qian Dong, Cui Li. Open Architecture Trend of Torpedo and Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Design[J]. Torpedo Technology, 2007, 15(2): 1-7.
[22]	ASTM International. ASTM F2541-06 Standard Guide for UUV Autonomy and Control[M]. USA: ASTM International, 2006.
[23]	陈宗基, 魏金钟, 王英勋, 等. 无人机自主控制等级及其系统结构研究[J]. 航空学报, 2011, 32(6): 1075-1083. Chen Zong-ji, Wei Jin-zhong, Wang Ying-xun, et al. UAV Autonomous Control Levels and System Structure[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2011, 32(6): 1075-1083.
[24]	高劲松, 王朝阳, 陈哨东. 对美国无人机自主控制等级的研究[J]. 航空科学技术, 2010(2): 40-43.
[25]	高劲松, 余菲, 季晓光. 无人机自主控制等级的研究现状[J]. 电光与控制, 2009, 16(10): 51-54. Gao Jin-song, Yu Fei, Ji Xiao-guang. Current Situation of Studies on Autonomous Control Level of UAVs[J]. Electronics Optics & Control, 2009, 16(10): 51-54.
[26]	王英勋, 蔡志浩. 无人机的自主飞行控制[J]. 航空制造技术, 2009(8): 26-31. Wang Ying-xun, Cai Zhi-hao. Autonomous Flight Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2009(8): 26-31.
[27]	戴昕音, 张天悦. 美空军作战中的自主化展望[J]. 现代军事, 2016,(1):104-112.
[28]	United States Department of Defense. Autonomy in Weapon Systems[R]. US: United States Department of Defense, 2012.
[29]	百度百科. MIMO(多入多出技术)[EB/OL]. [2017-02-05]. http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=i7xOJLTD3Q2IVWUlVCRp2Rafu1RZ1hfvTE5NWWJF9ZZtuq3BZ8aXdY2UER25PnAt lWZnXyu4FbbOk-Wit2JY2_.
[30]	邹鹏飞, 颜树华, 林存宝, 等. 冷原子干涉陀螺仪在惯性导航领域的研究现状及展望[J]. 现代导航, 2013, 4(4): 263-269. Zou Peng-fei, Yan Shu-hua, Lin Cun-bao, et al. Research Status and Prospects of Cold Atom Interferometry Gyroscope in Inertial Navigation Fields[J]. Modern Navigation, 2013, 4(4): 263-269.