军用UUV发展方向与趋势(上)——美军用无人系统发展规划分析解读

钱 东; 赵 江; 杨 芸

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2017.01.001

军用UUV发展方向与趋势(上)——美军用无人系统发展规划分析解读

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2017.01.001

钱东¹,
赵江¹,
杨芸²

1.
海军装备研究院, 北京, 100161
2.
中国船舶重工集团公司第705研究所, 陕西西安, 710077

详细信息

作者简介:
钱东(1958-), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 长期从事鱼雷武器系统总体技术研究.

中图分类号: E925.2; TP242.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-02-10
- 修回日期: 2017-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2017-04-20

Development Trend of Military UUV(Ⅰ): A Review of U.S. Military Unmanned System Development Plan

1.
Naval Armament Academy, Beijing 100161, China
2.
The 705 Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Corporation, Xi′an 710077, China

摘要

摘要: 美国国防部(DoD)于2007～2013年间, 连续发布了4版《无人系统(一体化)路线图》, 提出了空中、海上、地面无人系统未来25年一体化发展战略规划, 着重强调了各类无人系统跨域协同作战能力和通用技术。此后, DoD相关组织和各军种也分别发布了一系列具有军种特色的无人系统研究报告, 其中, 美海军在2016年最新发布的《2025年自主水下航行器需求》报告中提出了海床战、反AUV战等新兴作战概念; 美国防科学委员会(DSB)的《自主性》报告详细阐述了加速采用自主性技术的实施建议; DSB在《下一代无人水下系统》报告中建议重点发展可大量部署的低成本水下无人系统, 以保持和增强美国的水下优势。文章对以上报告进行了解读和分析, 重点介绍了新的UUV分类分级方法、美海军UUV任务需求的变化、DoD无人系统采办现状及策略, 详细阐述了UUV互操作性、自主性、通信、高级导航、有人-无人系统编组、持久韧性、武器化等关键技术领域, 描述了部队面临的后勤保障、训练、兵力结构等关键问题, 介绍了推动UUV发展的一些新兴技术, 展望了UUV的未来发展趋势, 提出了相关发展观点, 指出: 应积极探索新的无人系统作战理念和装备发展理念; 抓住体系作战、低成本、互操作与模块化等关键问题; 建立统一的无人系统顶层管理机构和组织; 探索军民融合产业模式下的UUV采办新模式、新型保障模式和保障策略; 同步开展无人系统作战运用研究。
- 无人系统 /
- 无人水下航行器(UUV) /
- 任务需求 /
- 武器采办 /
- 互操作性 /
- 自主性
Abstract: The Department of Defense(DoD) of the United States had published four editions of Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap during 2007~2013 to present the integrated development strategy and plan of unmanned aircraft systems(UASs), unmanned maritime systems(UMSs), and unmanned ground systems(UGSs) for future 25 years with emphases on the cross-domain cooperative combat capability of various unmanned systems and the common technologies. Subsequently, some DoD organizations and military services released a series of research reports on unmanned systems. In 2016, U.S. Navy submitted the report Autonomous Undersea Vehicles Requirement for 2025 to the congress, in which some new concepts, such as Seabed Warfare and Counter-AUV Warfare, were proposed. The Defense Science Board(DSB) provided detailed recommendations in its study report Autonomy for accelerating adoption of autonomous technology. A DSB task force suggested in its report Next-Generation Unmanned Undersea Systems that the low-cost unmanned undersea systems which could be deployed in large numbers should be greatly developed to maintain and enhance the American undersea advantage. This paper reviews the above reports, introduces the new classification method for UUVs and the change of UUV mission requirement of U.S. Navy, and describes in detail some critical technology domains of UUV, such as interoperability, autonomy, communication, advanced navigation, manned-unmanned (MUM) teaming, persistent resilience, and weaponry. The issues about logistics and sustainment of UUV, training, and force structure are discussed. Development trend of UUVs is outlined. And some viewpoints on UUV development are described. As a result, suggestions are offered that the concepts of operation and development of UUV should be explored; the most important aspects of UUV development and employment should be taken as system of systems (SoS) based on operation, low cost, interoperatability and modularity, etc.; top organization for governing all unmanned systems should be established; new acquisition procedure of UUV in civil and military integration mode, as well as new sustainment mode and strategy, should be explored; and UUV concept of employment should be investigated simultaneously with the development of UUV technologies.
- unmanned system /
- unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) /
- mission requirement /
- weapon acquisition /
- interoperability /
- autonomy

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