Review of Low-Power Long-Distance Wireless Communication Technologies for Marine Buoys

WANG Xiaobo; ZHU Yunzhou; JI Xuefeng

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0019

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript

WANG Xiaobo, ZHU Yunzhou, JI Xuefeng. Review of Low-Power Long-Distance Wireless Communication Technologies for Marine Buoys[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0019

Citation:

WANG Xiaobo, ZHU Yunzhou, JI Xuefeng. Review of Low-Power Long-Distance Wireless Communication Technologies for Marine Buoys[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0019

Citation:

PDF( 1498 KB)

Review of Low-Power Long-Distance Wireless Communication Technologies for Marine Buoys

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0019

Xi’an Precision Machinery Research Institute, Xi’an 710077, China

Received Date: 2025-01-28
Accepted Date: 2025-03-04
Rev Recd Date: 2025-02-26

Available Online: 2025-07-25

Abstract

Abstract

With the advancement of global ocean development and utilization, marine buoys, as key ocean observation devices, play a critical role in marine monitoring, weather forecasting, and ocean resource development. However, marine buoys are typically deployed far from land, facing numerous challenges such as long-distance data transmission and equipment power consumption limitations. Traditional satellite communication technologies provide reliable communication for offshore buoys, while the development of 5G technology offers new opportunities for nearshore buoys. With the rapid advancement of IoT technology, modern low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies such as LoRa, Sigfox, and NB-IoT have gradually become important choices for wireless communication in marine buoys. Meanwhile, emerging low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation technologies provide global communication support for marine buoys, particularly excelling in ultra-long-distance and deep-sea environments. This paper reviews the current low-power wireless communication technologies applicable to marine buoys, focusing on the application prospects and technological challenges of LPWAN, 5G, and low Earth orbit satellite communication, and proposes future development directions, aiming to provide valuable references for the advancement of marine buoy communication systems.
- ocean buoys,
- wireless communication,
- low-power,
- long-distance

FullText(HTML)

References(46)

References

[1]	李加林, 沈满洪, 马仁锋, 等. 海洋生态文明建设背景下的海洋资源经济与海洋战略[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(4): 829-849. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220401 LI J L, SHEN M H, MA R F, et al. Marine resource economy and strategy under the background of marine ecological civilization construction[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(4): 829-849. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220401
[2]	蔡鹏, 柳存根, 林忠钦, 等. 海洋强国目标下我国海洋装备关键基础性技术发展战略研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2024, 26(5): 91-103. CAI P, LIU C G, LIN Z Q, et al. Research on the development strategy of key foundational technologies for china's marine equipment under the goal of building a strong maritime country[J]. Strategic Study of Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2024, 26(5): 91-103.
[3]	MALLORY T G, CHUBB A, LAU S. China’s ocean culture and consciousness: Constructing a maritime great power narrative[J]. Marine Policy, 2022, 144: 105229. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105229
[4]	POTTER J R, BERTEAUX H O, DUCEY A J. Oceanographic buoys and applications[J]. The Encyclopedia of Maritime and Offshore Engineering, 2016: 1-10.
[5]	张少伟, 杨文才, 辛永智, 等. 浮标基海洋观测系统研究进展[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(28): 2963-2973. ZHANG S W, YANG W C, XIN Y Z, et al. Research progress on buoy-based marine observation systems[J]. Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(28): 2963-2973.
[6]	王军成, 厉运周, 杨英东, 等. 海洋资料浮标姿态信息测量技术研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2023, 54(5): 1239-1247. WANG J C, LI Y Z, YANG Y D, et al. Current status and development trends of attitude measurement technology for oceanographic data buoys[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2023, 54(5): 1239-1247.
[7]	庞茗文, 罗晶晶, 黄圣, 等. 基于多种通信方式的海洋浮标站海洋气象灾害预警系统设计与开发[J]. 气象水文海洋仪器, 2024, 41(1): 111-114. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-009X.2024.01.030
[8]	Pang M W, LUO J J, HUAN S, et al. Design and development of marine meteorological disaster early warning system for ocean buoy station based on multiple communication modes[J]. Meteorological, Hydrological and Marine Instruments, 2024, 41(1): 111-114.
[9]	PANG M W, LUO J J, HUANG S, et al. Design and development of marine meteorological disaster warning system for buoy stations based on multiple communication methods[J]. Meteorological, Hydrological and Marine Instruments, 2024, 41(1): 111-114.
[10]	马云飞. 低功耗海洋监测浮标网络关键技术研究与实现[D]. 齐鲁工业大学, 2024.
[11]	瞿逢重, 来杭亮, 刘建章, 等. 海洋物联网关键技术研究与应用[J]. 电信科学, 2021, 37(7): 25-33. QU F Z, LAI H L, LIU J Z, et al. Research and application of key technologies in marine Internet of Things[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(7): 25-33.
[12]	王波, 李民, 刘世萱, 等. 海洋资料浮标观测技术应用现状及发展趋势[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2014(11): 2401-2414. WANG B, LI M, LIU S X, et al. Application status and development trends of oceanographic data buoy observation technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2014(11): 2401-2414.
[13]	ALQURASHI F S, TRICHILI A, SAEED N, et al. Maritime communications: A survey on enabling technologies, opportunities, and challenges[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022, 10(4): 3525-3547.
[14]	肖龙忠, 张松, 刘振吉, 等. 基于短波天波传播的远海跨域浮标通信技术[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2024, 32(4): 718-723. XIAO L Z, ZHANG S, LIU Z J, et al. Far-sea cross-domain buoy communication technology based on HF skywave propagation[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, 2024, 32(4): 718-723.
[15]	张嘉纹. 海面宽带短波通信干扰抑制方法研究[D]. 江苏: 南京航空航天大学, 2021.
[16]	ALQURASHI F S, TRICHILI A, SAEED N, et al. Maritime communications: A survey on enabling technologies, opportunities, and challenges[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022, 10(4): 3525-3547.
[17]	黄启磊. 数字语音加密的研究及其在海上VHF上的应用[D]. 辽宁: 大连海事大学, 2006.
[18]	杨书魁. 基于VHF频段的近海通信系统概述[J]. 中国水产, 2023(11): 70-71. YANG S K. Overview of offshore communication systems based on VHF band[J]. China Fisheries, 2023(11): 70-71.
[19]	WU Z, XIONG M, CHENG T, et al. Application prospects and challenges of VHF data exchange system (VDES) in smart fisheries[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025, 13(2): 250. doi: 10.3390/jmse13020250
[20]	钱帆, 赵启兵, 蒋婷婷, 等. 基于5G通信与北斗短报文的近海小型浮标通信系统设计方法[J]. 兵工自动化, 2024, 43(3): 42-47. QIAN F, ZHAO Q B, JIANG T T, et al. Design method of offshore small buoy communication system based on 5G and Beidou short message[J]. Ordnance Industry Automation, 2024, 43(3): 42-47.
[21]	KANG T J, MIN E B, HEO G, et al. The development of buoy type fish finder using LTE communication[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 2022, 58(2): 141-152. doi: 10.3796/KSFOT.2022.58.2.141
[22]	我国自主研发的波浪能海洋生态监测浮标启用[J]. 传感器世界, 2024, 30(4): 39. China's independently developed wave-powered marine ecological monitoring buoy put into operation[J]. Sensor World, 2024, 30(4): 39.
[23]	马凤强, 吕婷婷, 张浩. 应用于智能浮标的北斗铱星双模通信系统设计[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2021, 40(5): 107-110. MA F Q, LÜ T T, ZHANG H. Design of BeiDou-Iridium hybrid communication system for smart buoys[J]. Journal of Transducer Technology, 2021, 40(5): 107-110.
[24]	张胜茂, 戴阳, 杨胜龙, 等. 北斗海洋浮标数据接收与控制终端软件[J]. 渔业现代化, 2021, 48(1): 80-86. ZHANG S M, DAI Y, YANG S L, et al. Software for BeiDou marine buoy data reception and control terminal[J]. Fishery Modernization, 2021, 48(1): 80-86.
[25]	孙子奇. 基于北斗卫星的大型海洋浮标通信机制探究[J]. 设备管理与维修, 2022(10): 111-113. SUN Z Q. Investigation of communication mechanisms for large-scale marine buoys using BeiDou navigation system[J]. Equipment Management & Maintenance, 2022(10): 111-113.
[26]	曹泽祥. 基于LoRa机制的水面网络技术与海洋水动力监测数据挖掘研究[D]. 福建: 集美大学, 2020.
[27]	周文东. LoRa体制低轨卫星物联网场景下的上行接入性能分析以及终端参数配置方法研究[D]. 江苏: 南京邮电大学, 2023.1.
[28]	MA Y, ZHENG Y, NI X, et al. Long-range low-power LoRa buoy network for marine environmental monitoring[C]//Third International Conference on Digital Signal and Computer Communications (DSCC 2023). Xi’an, China: SPIE, 2023, 12716: 314-321.
[29]	SA’ADAH N, RAMADHANI A D, RIANANDA D P. Tracking position on gps smart buoy system using lora communication[C]//2023 Sixth International Conference on Vocational Education and Electrical Engineering (ICVEE). Surabaya, Indonesia: IEEE, 2023: 304-309.
[30]	吴南旭. ISM频段的LPWAN物理层技术分析[J]. 物联网技术, 2023, 13(3): 57-60. WU N X. Physical layer technology analysis of LPWAN in ISM band[J]. Internet of Things Technologies, 2023, 13(3): 57-60.
[31]	陈宏铭, 张克非, 陆斌, 等. 物联网低功耗广域网络技术及芯片综述[J]. 中国集成电路, 2022, 31(3): 12-25. CHEN H M, ZHANG K F, LU B, et al. Survey on low-power wide-area network technologies and chips for internet of things[J]. China Integrated Circuit, 2022, 31(3): 12-25.
[32]	PIRAS A, MIRRI S, SOLE M, et al. Implementation of a sea monitoring system based on social internet of things[C]//2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). Las Vegas, Nevada, USA: IEEE, 2022: 687-690.
[33]	CARANDELL M, TOMA D M, ARTERO C, et al. Real-time wave monitoring on coastal areas using LPWAN-based embedded systems[C]//2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). Glasgow, UK: IEEE, 2021: 1-6.
[34]	赵孙裕, 黄伟康, 孟岩, 等. 基于窄带物联网的海洋能源收集及海洋信息检测的智能信息共享平台[J]. 物联网技术, 2020, 10(2): 7-10. ZHAO S Y, HUANG W K, MENG Y, et al. Intelligent information sharing platform for marine energy harvesting and marine information detection based on NB-IoT[J]. Internet of Things Technologies, 2020, 10(2): 7-10.
[35]	李昕聪, 余紫扬, 刘璞, 等. 基于 NB-IoT 和无人船巡检的水产养殖场物联网系统研究[J]. 渔业现代化, 2022, 49(1): 72-81. LI X C, YU Z Y, LIU P, et al. Research on IoT system for aquaculture farms based on NB-IoT and unmanned surface vehicle inspection[J]. Fishery Modernization, 2022, 49(1): 72-81.
[36]	XIE L, XING C, WU Y, et al. Design and realization of marine internet of things environmental parameter acquisition system based on nb-iot technology[C]//Proceedings of the 2021 9th International Conference on Communications and Broadband Networking. Shanghai, China: Proceedings, 2021: 257-260.
[37]	GAJEWSKI S, CZAPIEWSKA A, GAJEWSKA M. Evaluation of the use of M2M-type NB-IoT and LTE technologies for maritime communication systems[J]. Polish Maritime Research, 2023, 30: 126-134. doi: 10.2478/pomr-2023-0013
[38]	KIM D, KIM S, LEE J. Business model framework for IoT: Case studies and strategic implications for IoT businesses[J]. Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management, 2022, 29(1): 1-28.
[39]	GAJEWSKI S, CZAPIEWSKA A, GAJEWSKA M. Evaluation of the use of M2M-type NB-IoT and LTE technologies for maritime communication systems[J]. Polish Maritime Research, 2023, 30: 126-134. doi: 10.2478/pomr-2023-0013
[40]	吴晓荣. LTE Cat. 1物联网芯片物理层设计与开发[J]. 科学技术创新, 2024(15): 75-78. WU X R. Physical layer design and development of LTE Cat. 1 IoT chip[J]. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2024(15): 75-78.
[41]	LEE S H, KIM T H, KIM H. LTE-Cat. M1 conformity test in sounding rocket communication systems[J]. The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, 2024, 10(4): 589-594.
[42]	ROOSIPUU P, ANNUS I, KUUSIK A, et al. Empirical evaluation of NB-IoT and CAT-M coverage for underground water system[J]. IEEE Access, 2024.
[43]	YUE P, AN J, ZHANG J, et al. Low earth orbit satellite security and reliability: Issues, solutions, and the road ahead[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2023, 25(3): 1604-1652.
[44]	JUNG S, JEONG S, KANG J, et al. Marine IoT systems with space–air–sea integrated networks: Hybrid LEO and UAV edge computing[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2023, 10(23): 20498-20510. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3287196
[45]	毛华斌, 吴园涛, 殷建平, 等. 海洋环境安全保障技术发展现状和展望[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2022, 37(7): 870-880. MAO H B, WU Y T, YIN J P, et al. Development status and prospects of marine environmental security assurance technologies[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022, 37(7): 870-880.
[46]	CHEN G, WU S, DENG Y, et al. VLEO satellite constellation design for regional aviation and marine coverage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, 2023, 11(1): 1188-1201.